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1544 lines
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1544 lines
49 KiB
Plaintext
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###x. .|
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d#####x, ,v||
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'+#####v||||||
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,v|||||+'. _ _ _
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,v|||||^'>#### | | | | ___ | | (_) __ __
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|||||^' .v#### | |___| | / \ | | _ \ \/ /
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||||=..v#####P' | ___ | / ^ | | | | | \ /
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''v'>#####P' | | | | | --- | | | | / \
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,######/P||x. |_| |_| \___/ |_| |_| /_/\_\
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####P' "x|||||,
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|/' 'x||| A post-modern modal text editor.
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' '|
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Welcome to the Helix tutorial!
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Press the j key until you reach the introduction.
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=================================================================
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= INTRODUCTION =
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=================================================================
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Welcome to the Helix editor! Helix is different from editors
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you might be used to in that it is modal, meaning that it has
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different modes for editing text. The primary modes you will
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use are Normal mode and Insert mode. While in Normal mode, the
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keys you type won't actually type text. Instead, they will
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perform various actions with the text. This allows for more
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efficient editing. This tutor will teach you how you can make
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use of Helix's modal editing features. To begin, ensure your
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CapsLock key is not pressed and hold the j key until you reach
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the first lesson.
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=================================================================
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= 1.1 BASIC CURSOR MOVEMENT =
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=================================================================
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↑
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k * h is on the left
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← h l → * l is on the right
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j * j looks like a down arrow
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↓
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The cursor can be moved using the h, j, k, l keys, as shown
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above. The cursor / arrow keys will also work, but it is faster
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to use the hjkl keys as they are closer to the other keys you
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will be using. Try moving around to get a feel for hjkl.
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Once you're ready, hold j to continue to the next lesson.
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=================================================================
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= 1.2 EXITING HELIX =
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=================================================================
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1. Type : to enter Command mode. Your cursor will
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move to the bottom of the screen.
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2. Type q or quit and press Enter to exit Helix.
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Note: The quit command will fail if there are unsaved changes.
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To force quit and DISCARD these changes, type q! or quit!.
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You will learn how to save files later.
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To exit Command mode without entering a command, press Escape.
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Now, move on to the next lesson.
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=================================================================
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= 1.3 DELETION =
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=================================================================
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Type the d key to delete the character under the cursor.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Move the cursor to each extra character, and type d to
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delete it.
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--> Thhiss senttencee haass exxtra charracterss.
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This sentence has extra characters.
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Once the sentence is correct, move on to the next lesson.
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=================================================================
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= 1.4 INSERT MODE =
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=================================================================
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Type the i key to enter Insert mode.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Move to a place in the line which is missing text and type
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i to enter Insert mode. Keys you type will now type text.
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3. Enter the missing text.
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4. Press Escape to exit Insert mode and return to Normal mode.
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5. Repeat until the line matches the line below it.
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--> Th stce misg so.
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This sentence is missing some text.
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Note: The status bar will display your current mode.
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Notice that when you type i, 'NOR' changes to 'INS'.
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=================================================================
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= 1.5 SAVING A FILE =
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=================================================================
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Type :w / :write to save a file.
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1. Exit Helix using :q! as explained before, or open a new
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terminal.
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2. Open a file in Helix by running: hx FILENAME
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3. Make some edits to the file.
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4. Type : to enter Command mode.
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5. Type w or write, and press Enter to save the file.
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You can also type wq or write-quit to save and exit.
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Note: You can optionally enter a file path after the w / write
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command in order to save to that path.
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Note: If there are any unsaved changes to a file, a plus [+]
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will appear next to the file name in the status bar.
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=================================================================
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= CHAPTER 1 RECAP =
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=================================================================
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* Use the h,j,k,l keys to move the cursor.
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* Type : to enter Command mode.
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* The q / quit and q! / quit! commands will exit Helix. The
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former fails when there are unsaved changes. The latter
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discards them.
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* The w / write command will save the file.
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* The wq / write-quit command will do both.
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* Type d to delete the character at the cursor.
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* Type i to enter Insert mode and type text. Press Escape to
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return to Normal mode.
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=================================================================
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= 2.1 MORE INSERT COMMANDS =
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=================================================================
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As you saw, you can type i to enter Insert mode at the current
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position of the cursor. There are a few other ways you can
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enter Insert mode at different locations.
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Common examples of insertion commands include:
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i - Insert before the selection.
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a - Insert after the selection. (a means 'append')
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I - Insert at the start of the line.
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A - Insert at the end of the line.
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1. Move to anywhere in the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Type A (Shift-a), your cursor will move to the end of
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the line and you will be able to type.
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3. Type the text necessary to match the line below.
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--> This sentence is miss
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This sentence is missing some text.
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=================================================================
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= 2.2 OPENING LINES =
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=================================================================
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Type o to add a newline and insert below the cursor.
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Type O to add a newline and insert above the cursor.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Type o to open a line below and type your answer.
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--> What is the best editor?
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=================================================================
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= CHAPTER 2 RECAP =
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=================================================================
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* Type a to append to the selection.
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* Type I to enter Insert mode at the first non-whitespace
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character at the start of a line.
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* Type A to enter Insert mode at the end of a line.
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* Use o and O to open lines below and above the cursor respectively.
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=================================================================
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= 3.1 MOTIONS AND SELECTIONS =
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=================================================================
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Type w to select forward until the next word.
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The d key doesn't actually delete the character at the cursor,
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it deletes all selected text. Your cursor is like a
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single-character selection.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Move to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
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3. Type w to select until the beginning of the next word.
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4. Type d to delete the selection.
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5. Repeat for all extra words in the line.
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--> This sentence pencil has vacuum extra words in the it.
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This sentence has extra words in it.
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=================================================================
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= 3.2 MORE MOTIONS =
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=================================================================
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As you saw, typing w moves the cursor forward until the start
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of the next word, selecting the text traversed. This is useful
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for moving around text and for selecting text to operate on.
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Some common motions include:
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w - Move forward to before the beginning of the next word.
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e - Move forward to the end of the current word.
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b - Move backward to the beginning of the current word.
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To select the word under cursor, combine e and b.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Move to a 'd' letter.
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3. Type e to select a half of the word.
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4. Type b to select the rest.
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--> The Middle Kingdom.
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=================================================================
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= 3.3 WORDS AND words =
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=================================================================
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The w,e,b motions also have counterparts - W,E,B - which
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traverse WORDS instead of words. WORDS are only separated by
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whitespace, whereas words can be separated by other characters
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in addition to whitespace.
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1. Move the cursor to the beginning of the line marked with '-->'.
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2. Type w repeatedly to select individual words until you
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reach the end of the line.
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3. Note that 'one-of-a-kind' required 7 keystrokes to be
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traversed. '"modal"' required 3 keystrokes.
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4. Move the cursor back to beginning of the line marked '-->'.
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5. Type W repeatedly to select individual WORDS.
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6. Note that 'one-of-a-kind' and '"modal"' have been selected
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both with one keystroke each.
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--> Helix is a one-of-a-kind "modal" text editor
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=================================================================
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= 3.4 THE CHANGE COMMAND =
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=================================================================
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Type c to change the current selection.
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The change command deletes the current selection and enters
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Insert mode, so it is a very common shorthand for di.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Move to the start of an incorrect word and type w to
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select it.
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3. Type c to delete the word and enter Insert mode.
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4. Type the correct word.
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5. Repeat until the line matches the line below it.
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--> This paper has heavy words behind it.
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This sentence has incorrect words in it.
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=================================================================
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= 3.5 COUNTS WITH MOTIONS =
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=================================================================
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Type a number before a motion to repeat it that many times.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Type 2w to move 2 words forward.
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3. Type 3e to move to the end of the third word forward.
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4. Type 2b to move 2 words backwards
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5. Try the above with different numbers.
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--> This is just a line with words you can move around in.
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=================================================================
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= 3.6 SELECT / EXTEND MODE =
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=================================================================
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Type v to enter Select mode.
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Type v again or Escape to return to Normal mode
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In Select mode every movement will extend the selection, as
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opposed to replacing it.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Move to the F of FOO and type v2w to select the two words.
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3. Type d to remove the two words. Notice d returns you to
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Normal mode.
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4. Move to the B of BAZ and repeat the sequence to delete them.
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--> Remove the FOO BAR distracting words BAZ BIZ from this line.
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=================================================================
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= 3.7 SELECTING LINES =
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=================================================================
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Type x to select a whole line. Type x again to select the next.
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1. Move the cursor to the second line marked '-->' below.
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2. Type x to select the line, and d to delete it.
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3. Move to the fourth line.
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4. Type x twice or type 2x to select 2 lines, and d to delete.
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--> 1) Roses are red,
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--> 2) Mud is fun,
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--> 3) Violets are blue,
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--> 4) I have a car,
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--> 5) Clocks tell time,
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--> 6) Sugar is sweet,
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--> 7) And so are you.
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Note : X works similarly to x although it doesn't extend to
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subsequent lines. X on an empty line does nothing.
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=================================================================
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= 3.8 COLLAPSING SELECTIONS =
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=================================================================
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Type ; to collapse selections to single cursors.
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Sometimes, you want to deselect without having to move the
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cursor(s). This can be done using the ; key.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Use the motions you have learned to move around the line,
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and try using ; to deselect the text after it is selected
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by the motions.
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--> This is an error-free line with words to move around in.
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Note: This works the same in Select mode.
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Note: Another related command is Alt-; which flips selections.
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=================================================================
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= CHAPTER 3 RECAP =
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=================================================================
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* Type w to select forward until the next word.
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* Type e to select to the end of the current word.
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* Type b to select backward to the start of the current word.
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* Use uppercase counterparts, W,E,B, to traverse WORDS.
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* Type d to delete the entire selection.
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* Type c to delete the selection and enter Insert mode.
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* Type a number before a motion to repeat it that many times.
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* Type v to enter Select mode, where all motions extend the
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selection.
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* Type x to select the entire current line. Type x again to
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select the next line.
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* Type semicolon ( ; ) to collapse selection.
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=================================================================
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= 4.1 UNDOING =
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=================================================================
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Type u to undo. Type U to redo.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Move to the first error, and type d to delete it.
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3. Type u to undo your deletion.
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4. Fix all the errors on the line.
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5. Type u several times to undo your fixes.
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6. Type U (Shift-u) several times to redo your fixes.
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--> Fiix the errors on thhis line and reeplace them witth undo.
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=================================================================
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= 4.2 COPYING AND PASTING TEXT =
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=================================================================
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Type y to yank (copy) the selection.
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Type p to paste the yanked selection after the cursor.
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Type P to paste the yanked text before the cursor.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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Make sure your cursor is on the "b" of banana.
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2. Type w to select "banana" and y to yank it.
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3. Move to the space between "2" and "3" and type p to paste.
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4. Repeat between "3" and "4".
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--> 1 banana 2 3 4
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1 banana 2 banana 3 banana 4
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Note: Whenever you delete or change text, Helix will copy the
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altered text. Use Alt-d / Alt-c instead to avoid this.
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Note: Helix doesn't share the system clipboard by default. Type
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Space + y / p to yank / paste on the system's clipboard.
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=================================================================
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= 4.3 SEARCHING IN FILE =
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=================================================================
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Type / to search forward in file, Enter to confirm search.
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Type n to go to the next search match.
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Type N to go to the previous search match.
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1. Type / and type in a common word, like 'banana'.
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2. Press Enter to confirm the search.
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3. Use n and N to cycle through the matches.
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Searching uses regular expressions, allowing you to target more
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complex expressions, which you'll learn about in the lesson on
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the select command.
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Note: To search backwards, type ? (Shift-/).
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Note: Unlike Vim, ? doesn't change the search direction.
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N always goes backwards and n always goes forwards.
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=================================================================
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= CHAPTER 4 RECAP =
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=================================================================
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* Type u to undo. Type U to redo.
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* Type y to yank (copy) text and p to paste.
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* Use Space + y and Space + p to yank / paste on the system
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clipboard.
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* Type / to search forward in file, and ? to search backwards.
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* Use n and N to cycle through search matches.
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=================================================================
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= 5.1 MULTIPLE CURSORS =
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=================================================================
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Type C to duplicate the cursor to the next suitable line.
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1. Move the cursor to the first line marked '-->' below. Place
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the cursor somewhere past the '-->'.
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2. Type C to duplicate the cursor to the next suitable line.
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Notice how it skips the line in the middle. Keys you type
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will now affect both cursors.
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3. Use Insert mode to correct the lines. The two cursors will
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fix both lines simultaneously.
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4. Type , to remove the first cursor.
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--> Fix th two nes at same ime.
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-->
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--> Fix th two nes at same ime.
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Fix these two lines at the same time.
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Note: Press Alt-C to do the same above the cursor.
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=================================================================
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= 5.2 THE SELECT COMMAND =
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=================================================================
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Type s to select matches in the selection.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Type x to select the line.
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3. Type s. A prompt will appear.
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4. Type 'apples' and press Enter. Both occurrences of
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'apples' in the line will be selected.
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5. You can now type c and change 'apples' to something else,
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like 'oranges'.
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6. Press Escape to exit Insert mode.
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7. Type , to remove the second cursor.
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--> I like to eat apples since my favorite fruit is apples.
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I like to eat oranges since my favorite fruit is oranges.
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=================================================================
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= 5.3 SELECTING VIA REGEX =
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=================================================================
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Like searching, the select command selects regular expressions,
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not just exact matches.
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1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
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2. Select the line with x and then type s.
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3. Type ' +' to select any amount of consecutive spaces >1,
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then press Enter.
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4. Type c and change the matches to single spaces.
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--> This sentence has some extra spaces.
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This sentence has some extra spaces.
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Note: If you want to perform find-and-replace, the select
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command is the way to do it. Select the text you want
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to replace in — type % to select the whole file — and
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then perform the steps explained above.
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=================================================================
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= 5.4 ALIGN SELECTIONS =
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=================================================================
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Type & to align the contents of the selections.
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1. Move the cursor to the first line marked '-->' below. Place
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the cursor on the whitespace just after the arrow.
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2. Type C four times or 4C.
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3. Type W to select the numbers and brackets.
|
|
4. Type & to align the words.
|
|
|
|
--> 97) lorem
|
|
--> 98) ipsum
|
|
--> 99) dolor
|
|
--> 100) sit
|
|
--> 101) amet
|
|
|
|
Note: & only cares about the alignment of the "head" of the
|
|
selections - the end that moves. The other end is called
|
|
the "anchor".
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 5.5 SPLIT SELECTION INTO LINES =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Press Alt-s to split the selection(s) on newlines.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the first row of the table below.
|
|
2. Select the entire table with 6x.
|
|
3. Press Alt-s to split into selections at each line.
|
|
4. Align the table with &.
|
|
|
|
| FRUIT | AMOUNT |
|
|
|---------|--------|
|
|
| Apples | 8 |
|
|
| Bananas | 6 |
|
|
| Oranges | 3 |
|
|
| Donuts | 4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 5 RECAP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
* Type C to duplicate the cursor to the next suitable line
|
|
and Alt-C for previous suitable line.
|
|
|
|
* Type s to select all instances of a regex pattern inside
|
|
the current selection.
|
|
|
|
* Type & to align selections.
|
|
|
|
* Press Alt-s to split the selection into lines.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 6.1 SELECTING TO A CHARACTER =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Type f<ch> to select up to and including (find) a character.
|
|
Type t<ch> to do the same, but not including (till) a character.
|
|
Type uppercase F / T to do the same backwards.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below. Place the
|
|
cursor on the first dash.
|
|
2. Type f[ to select to the square bracket.
|
|
3. Type d to delete your selection.
|
|
4. Go to the end of the line and repeat with F].
|
|
5. Move to the second line marked '-->', just after the arrow.
|
|
6. Use t and T to delete the dashes around the sentence.
|
|
|
|
--> -----[Free this sentence of its brackets!]-----
|
|
--> ------Free this sentence of its dashes!------
|
|
|
|
Note: Unlike Vim, Helix doesn't limit these commands to the
|
|
current line. It searches for the character in the file.
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 6.2 THE REPLACE COMMAND =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Type r<ch> to replace all selected characters with <ch>.
|
|
|
|
1. Move to the second line of the table, place the cursor on the
|
|
first =.
|
|
2. Type t| (Shift-\) to select the = separator.
|
|
3. Type r- to replace the separator with dashes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Month | Days |
|
|
|=======|------|
|
|
| Jan | 31 |
|
|
| Feb | 28 |
|
|
| Mar | 31 |
|
|
| ... | ... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 6.3 REPETITION =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Type . to repeat the last insert command.
|
|
Press Alt-. to repeat the last f / t selection.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Make a change, insertion or appendage and repeat it with . .
|
|
3. Try using Alt-. with f and t, to select multiple sentences
|
|
for instance.
|
|
|
|
--> This is some text for you to repeat things. You can repeat
|
|
insertions like changing words, or repeat selections like
|
|
f / t.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 6 RECAP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
* Type f / F to extend selection up to & including a character.
|
|
* Type t / T to extend selection until a character.
|
|
|
|
* Type r to replace selected characters.
|
|
|
|
* Type . to repeat the last insertion.
|
|
* Press Alt-. to repeat the last f / t selection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 7.1 REPLACE WITH YANKED TEXT =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Type R to replace the selection with previously yanked text.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Type w to select "watermelons" and then y to yank it.
|
|
3. Select "oranges" with w.
|
|
4. Type R to replace "oranges" with "watermelons"
|
|
|
|
|
|
--> I like watermelons because oranges are refreshing.
|
|
I like watermelons because watermelons are refreshing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 7.2 JOINING LINES =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Type J to join together lines in selection.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Type x four times or 4x to select all four lines.
|
|
3. Type J to join the lines together.
|
|
|
|
--> This sentence
|
|
is spilling over
|
|
onto other
|
|
lines.
|
|
|
|
This sentence is spilling over onto other lines.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 7.3 INDENTING LINES =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Type > to indent a line and < to unindent it.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Move down to the second line and type > to indent it.
|
|
3. Move to the third line and type < to unindent it.
|
|
|
|
--> These lines
|
|
are indented
|
|
very poorly.
|
|
|
|
These lines
|
|
are indented
|
|
much better.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 7.4 INCREMENTING AND DECREMENTING =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Press Ctrl-a to increment the number under selection.
|
|
Press Ctrl-x to decrement the number under selection.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the third line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Press Ctrl-a to increment the second point marked 2.
|
|
3. Repeat for the point marked 3.
|
|
4. Move to the last point and press Ctrl-x to decrement the 6.
|
|
|
|
--> 1) First point.
|
|
--> 2) Added point.
|
|
--> 2) Next point.
|
|
--> 3) Another point.
|
|
--> 6) Last point.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 7 RECAP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
* Type R to replace the selection with yanked text.
|
|
|
|
* Type J to join lines in selection.
|
|
|
|
* Type > and < to indent / unindent lines.
|
|
|
|
* Press Ctrl-a to increment the selected number.
|
|
* Press Ctrl-x to decrement the selected number.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 8.1 REGISTERS =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Registers are containers identified by a character for storing
|
|
things like yanked text. Registers are also used to store the
|
|
most recent search term as well as macros, which you'll learn
|
|
about in the next section.
|
|
|
|
Type "<ch> to select register <ch>.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Type w to select "watermelons" and yank with y.
|
|
3. Type w to select "bananas".
|
|
4. Change to register b with "b and yank with y.
|
|
5. Select "mangoes" and type R to replace it with "watermelons".
|
|
6. Select "pineapples" then type "b R to replace with "bananas".
|
|
|
|
--> I like watermelons and bananas because my favorite fruits
|
|
are mangoes and pineapples.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 8.2 MACROS =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Macros are a way to record a set of actions you want to repeat.
|
|
You can also record macros to a specific register (default @).
|
|
Type Q to start recording a macro - you should see a popup at
|
|
the bottom of your screen. Type Q again to stop recording.
|
|
Type q to repeat the macro from register @ (the default).
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the first line marked '-->' below.
|
|
Ensure your cursor is on the '>' of the arrow.
|
|
2. Type Q to start recording.
|
|
3. Edit the line to look like the bottom one.
|
|
4. Exit insert and type Q again to stop recording.
|
|
5. Move to the line below and put your cursor on '>' again.
|
|
6. Type q to repeat the macro.
|
|
|
|
--> ... sentence doesn't have its first and last ... .
|
|
--> ... sentence doesn't have its first and last ... .
|
|
This sentence doesn't have its first and last word.
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 8 RECAP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
* Type " to select a different register.
|
|
|
|
* Type Q to start and stop recording a macro to a register,
|
|
the default being @.
|
|
|
|
* Type q to replay a macro from @ or the selected register.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 9.1 SEARCHING FOR SELECTIONS =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
The most recent search with / is stored in register /.
|
|
n and N both refer to register /, this means we can set that
|
|
register without having to type in a search.
|
|
|
|
Type * to copy the selection into register /, setting the search
|
|
term to the selection. This copies the primary selection, which
|
|
you will learn about in the section on cycling selections.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Select "horse" with e and type *.
|
|
3. Use n and N to jump between the instances of "horse".
|
|
|
|
--> A horse is a horse, of course, of course,
|
|
--> And no one can talk to a horse of course.
|
|
|
|
Note: * is like a shorthand for "/y as all it really does is
|
|
copy the selection into the / register.
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 9.2 ADDING SELECTION ON NEXT SEARCH MATCH =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
A property of Select mode (v) when using n and N is that instead
|
|
of moving the selection to the next match, it adds a new
|
|
selection on each match.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Select the first "bat" and type * to set it to search.
|
|
3. Type v to enter Select mode.
|
|
4. Type n to select the other "bat".
|
|
5. Use c or r to change the "bat"s to "cat".
|
|
|
|
--> Everybody wants to be a bat,
|
|
--> because a cat's the only bat
|
|
--> who knows where it's at.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 9.3 USING THE JUMPLIST =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Helix can keep track of "jumps" which are big movements, like
|
|
searching or jumping to the definition of a function in code. It
|
|
stores these in what's called the jumplist.
|
|
|
|
Press Ctrl-s to manually save your current position to
|
|
the jumplist.
|
|
|
|
Press Ctrl-i ("in") and Ctrl-o ("out") to move forward and
|
|
backwards in the jumplist respectively.
|
|
|
|
1. Press Ctrl-s somewhere.
|
|
2. Move far away in the file.
|
|
3. Press Ctrl-o (just once!) to come back to where you saved.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 9.4 JUMP WITH TWO-CHARACTER LABELS =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Type gw to enable the 2-character labels. The start of each word
|
|
will be replaced by 2 highlighted characters. Type any sequence
|
|
of 2 highlighted characters to jump to the corresponding label,
|
|
or use ESC to drop the labels.
|
|
|
|
The 2-character labels allow to quickly jump to any location
|
|
in the viewable selection.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the start of the line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Press gw to enable the 2-character labels, and then the two
|
|
characters that replace the two leters he at the start of
|
|
here to jump to the corresponding word.
|
|
|
|
--> This is just a simple line of text.
|
|
There may be many such lines
|
|
But you really want to jump here!
|
|
This is fast with the 2-character labels.
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 9 RECAP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
* Type * to set the search register to the primary selection.
|
|
|
|
* Type n / N in Select mode to add selections on each search
|
|
match.
|
|
|
|
* Press Ctrl-s to save position to the jumplist.
|
|
* Press Ctrl-i and Ctrl-o to go forward and backward in the
|
|
jumplist.
|
|
|
|
* Type gw to enable 2-characters labels, and any 2 characters
|
|
to jump to the corresponding label, or ESC to drop the labels.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 10.1 CYCLING AND REMOVING SELECTIONS =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Type ) and ( to cycle the primary selection forward and backward
|
|
through selections respectively.
|
|
|
|
Press Alt-, to remove the primary selection.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Select both lines with xx or 2x.
|
|
3. Type s to select, type "would" and enter.
|
|
4. Use ( and ) to cycle the primary selection and remove the
|
|
very second "would" with Alt-, .
|
|
5. Type c "wood" to change the remaining "would"s to "wood".
|
|
|
|
--> How much would would a wouldchuck chuck
|
|
--> if a wouldchuck could chuck would?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 10.2 CYCLING THE CONTENT OF SELECTIONS =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Press Alt-) and Alt-( to cycle the content of the selections
|
|
forward and backward respectively.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Select both lines with xx or 2x.
|
|
3. Type s to select, type "through|water|know" and enter.
|
|
4. Use Alt-( and Alt-) to cycle the content of the selections.
|
|
|
|
--> Jumping through the water,
|
|
--> daring to know.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 10.3 CHANGING CASE =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Type ~ to switch the case of all selected letters.
|
|
Type ` to set all selected letters to lowercase.
|
|
Press Alt-` to set all selected letters to uppercase.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the first line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Select each wrongly capitalised or lowercase letter
|
|
and type ~ over them.
|
|
3. Move to the second line marked '-->'.
|
|
4. Type x to select the line.
|
|
5. Type ` to change the line to lowercase.
|
|
6. Move to the third line marked '-->'.
|
|
7. Type x to select the line.
|
|
8. Press Alt-` to change the line to uppercase.
|
|
|
|
--> thIs sENtencE hAs MIS-cApitalIsed leTTerS.
|
|
--> this SENTENCE SHOULD all be in LOWERCASE.
|
|
--> THIS sentence should ALL BE IN uppercase!
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 10.4 SPLITTING SELECTIONS =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Type S to split each selection on a regex pattern.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line under ---.
|
|
2. Type xx / 2x to select the lines.
|
|
3. Type S then \. |! Enter (note the spaces after . and !).
|
|
This effectively splits the selection into sentences at each
|
|
dot or exclamation mark.
|
|
4. Press Alt-; to reverse the selections.
|
|
5. Type ; to reduce selections to a single character - the first
|
|
letter of each sentence.
|
|
6. Press Alt-` to convert all selected letters to uppercase.
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
these are sentences. some sentences don't start with uppercase
|
|
letters! that is not good grammar. you can fix this.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 10 RECAP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
* Use ) and ( to cycle the primary selection back and forward
|
|
through selections respectively.
|
|
* Press Alt-, to remove the primary selection.
|
|
* Press Alt-) and Alt-( to cycle the content of the selections.
|
|
|
|
* Type ~ to alternate case of selected letters.
|
|
* Use ` and Alt-` to set the case of selected letters to
|
|
lower and upper respectively.
|
|
|
|
* Type S to split selections on regex.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 11.1 COMMENTING A LINE =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Press Ctrl-c to comment the line under your cursor.
|
|
To uncomment the line, press Ctrl-c again.
|
|
|
|
1. Move your cursor to the line marked '-->' below.
|
|
2. Now comment the line marked with '-->'.
|
|
3. Now try uncommenting the line.
|
|
|
|
--> Comment me please
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 11.2 COMMENTING MULTIPLE LINES =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Using the selections and multi-cursor functionality, you can
|
|
comment multiple lines as long as it is under the selection or
|
|
cursors.
|
|
|
|
1. Move your cursor to the line marked with '-->' below.
|
|
2. Now try to select or add more cursors the other lines marked
|
|
with '-->'.
|
|
3. Comment those lines.
|
|
|
|
--> How many are you going to comment?
|
|
--> Is this enough for a comment?
|
|
--> What are you doing?!
|
|
--> Stop commenting me!
|
|
--> AAAAaargh!!!
|
|
|
|
Note: If there are already commented lines under selections or
|
|
multiple cursors, they won't be uncommented but commented again.
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 11 RECAP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
* Use Ctrl-c to comment a line under your cursor. Press Ctrl-c
|
|
again to uncomment.
|
|
* To comment multiple lines, use the selections
|
|
and multi-cursors before typing Ctrl-c.
|
|
* Commented lines cannot be uncommented but commented again.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 12.1 USING MATCH MODE JUMP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
To switch to match mode from normal mode, type m. This feature
|
|
is particularly useful for handling bracket pairs and their
|
|
contents.
|
|
|
|
There are several actions that can be performed in match mode,
|
|
as indicated by the help pop-up. To jump to a matching bracket pair,
|
|
simply press mm. For example on the lines below (starting with
|
|
-->), move the cursor in normal mode to (, and then press mm to jump
|
|
to the matching ). You can do the same on the line below: for example
|
|
move to ], and press mm to jump to [ .
|
|
|
|
--> you can (jump between matching parenthesis)
|
|
--> or between matching [ square brackets ]
|
|
--> now { you know the drill: this works with brackets too }
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 12.2 USING MATCH MODE SELECT INSIDE =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Match mode also lets you select the "inside" content between a
|
|
pair of brackets or other delimiters. In the lines below:
|
|
|
|
- move to the --> line, put your cursor in normal mode at any
|
|
location between the parenthesis, for example at 'x', and press
|
|
mi( or mi) to select the whole content inside the parenthesis
|
|
(parenthesis excluded). As usual, you can then do anything you want
|
|
with the selection (for example, press c to change it)
|
|
|
|
--> outside and (inside x parenthesis) - and outside again
|
|
|
|
Test below that you can do the same with [], or {}, or with
|
|
nested combinations of these (this will act on the immediately
|
|
surrounding matching pair). This also works with "" and similar
|
|
|
|
--> test [ with square brackets ] !
|
|
--> try ( with nested [ pairs of ( parenthesis) and "brackets" ])
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 12.3 USING MATCH MODE SELECT AROUND =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
You can also select the "around" content, i.e. both the inside
|
|
content and the delimiters themselves, by using the ma select.
|
|
For example, move to the line under, move your cursor in normal
|
|
mode to any position between the (), and select the content of
|
|
the (), including the surrounding (), by typing ma( or ma). As
|
|
usual, you can do anything you want with the selection, for
|
|
example delete it all with ma(d .
|
|
|
|
--> you ( select x around ) to include delimiters in the select
|
|
|
|
This naturally works with other delimiters too:
|
|
|
|
--> try [ with 'square' brackets ] too!
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 12.4 USING MATCH MODE SURROUND =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
The match mode can also be used to add surrounding around the
|
|
current selection. For example, move to the line below, then:
|
|
* i) select the "select all of this" line segment (for example,
|
|
move in normal mode the cursor to the start of select, then enter
|
|
selection mode with v , then select the 4 next words with 4e ),
|
|
* ii) press ms( or ms) to surround the selection with a pair of
|
|
parenthesis.
|
|
|
|
--> so, select all of this, and surround it with ()
|
|
|
|
You can do the same with other delimiters: for example, ms' on
|
|
WORD below to surround it with a pair of ''. You can try also
|
|
with adding a surrounding pair of "", or {}, or [].
|
|
|
|
--> surround this WORD !
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 12.5 USING MATCH MODE DELETE SURROUND =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
You can delete surrounding pair of delimiters with the md
|
|
command. On the line below, move the cursor anywhere
|
|
within the pair of (), for example to the 'x', then from there,
|
|
in normal mode, press md( or md) to delete the surrounding
|
|
pair of parenthesis.
|
|
|
|
--> delete (the x pair of parenthesis) from within!
|
|
|
|
You can naturally delete other kinds of surroundings:
|
|
|
|
--> delete (nested [delimiters]): "this" will delete the nearest
|
|
matching surrounding pair.
|
|
--> delete "layers "of" quote marks" too: this will delete the
|
|
nearest previous and following quote marks
|
|
|
|
Trying to delete unexisting surrounding delimiters print an error
|
|
at the bottom bar and does nothing.
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 12.6 USING MATCH MODE REPLACE SURROUND =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
You can replace surrounding pairs of delimiters with the mr
|
|
command. On the line below, move the cursor to
|
|
anywhere within the pair of (), for example on the 'x', then in
|
|
normal mode, press mr([ to replace the pair of () with a pair
|
|
of [].
|
|
|
|
--> replace the (pair from x within), with something else
|
|
|
|
This command will act on the closest enclosing pair, so you
|
|
can try replacing different surrounding in the following:
|
|
|
|
--> some (nested surroundings [can be replaced])
|
|
--> this "works with 'other surroundings' too"
|
|
|
|
You can try to replace a non existing pair: this will show
|
|
an error warning at the bottom bar and do nothing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 12 RECAP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
You can enter the match mode with the m key; this will show the
|
|
actions available in a popup. This will allow you to:
|
|
* jump to matching pair of delimiters with mm (you must have a
|
|
delimiter belonging to a pair under your cursor)
|
|
* select inside a pair of delimiters surrounding your cursor
|
|
(i.e. select the content but not the delimiters) with mi(
|
|
and similar
|
|
* select around a pair of delimiters surrounding your cursor
|
|
(i.e. select the content and the delimiters) with ma( and
|
|
similar
|
|
* delete surrounding delimiters with md( and similar
|
|
* add surrounding delimiters around the selection with ms(
|
|
* replace a pair of delimiters surrounding your selection with
|
|
mr([ to replace for example surrounding () with []
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 13.1 CREATE NEW SPLIT =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
In Normal mode, press Ctrl-w to open the Window menu, which displays
|
|
a list of available commands.
|
|
|
|
To open a new empty buffer in a vertical split on the right half
|
|
of your current window, use Ctrl-w nv (i.e., press Ctrl
|
|
and w simultaneously, then press n, followed by v). Your current
|
|
window will now split in 2 vertically. A new empty buffer split
|
|
will appear on the right half and your cursor will jump to the
|
|
new vertical split.
|
|
|
|
To create a new empty buffer in a horizontal split, press
|
|
Ctrl-w ns. This action divides your current window into two
|
|
horizontally, creates a new buffer, and moves your cursor to the
|
|
new horizontal split.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 13.2 MOVE BETWEEN SPLITS =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Use Ctrl-w k to move to the split above your current split. Use
|
|
Ctrl-w j to move to the split below. Use Ctrl-w h to move to
|
|
the split on the left and Ctrl-w l to move to the split on the
|
|
right. To navigate to the next split (in the order they were
|
|
opened), press Ctrl-w w.
|
|
|
|
You can now do whatever you want in your new buffers and splits.
|
|
Once you are done with using your new buffer split,
|
|
you can close it with Ctrl-w q . Move to the bottom right split
|
|
with Ctrl-w l then Ctrl-w j, then press Ctrl-w q to close this
|
|
specific split.
|
|
|
|
You can also close all splits except the current one with Ctrl-w o .
|
|
Open a third vertical split with Ctrl-w nv , then move to the
|
|
leftmost split with Ctrl-w h twice, then from inside the split on
|
|
the left press Ctrl-w o to close all except this split.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 13.3 SPLIT CURRENT BUFFER =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Use Ctrl-w s to split the view of the current buffer horizontally
|
|
and Ctrl-w v to split it vertically with the buffer opened in both
|
|
splits.
|
|
|
|
Close extra splits with Ctrl-w o to return to a single window view.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 13.4 USE COMMANDS TO SPLIT =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
The :vsplit (or :vs for short) and :hsplit (or :hs) commands can
|
|
also be used to split a specific buffer vertically or horizontally.
|
|
For example, enter the command:
|
|
|
|
:vs something
|
|
|
|
to open a new vertical split named "something" to the right. Here,
|
|
"something" is not an existing file, so a new buffer with this name
|
|
will open; however, you can replace "something" with any file name
|
|
to open it in a new buffer. Similarly, you can enter the command:
|
|
|
|
:hs some_more
|
|
|
|
to open a new buffer named "some_more" in the lower half.
|
|
"some_more" could be any file or path to open this specific file
|
|
or path instead of a new empty buffer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 13.5 SWAPPING SPLITS =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Open a split on the left with :vs hello1 and then a split below
|
|
with :hs hello2.
|
|
|
|
From hello2, press Ctrl-w K to swap it with the split above. Now
|
|
hello2 is at the top while hello1 is at the bottom.
|
|
|
|
Still from hello2, press Ctrl-w H to swap with the split on the
|
|
left: now hello2 is on the left and the tutor is on the top
|
|
right. After Ctrl-w you can use HJKL to split with the buffer
|
|
on the left / below / above / on the right.
|
|
|
|
Move back to the tutor split, and press Ctrl-w o to only keep
|
|
this split.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 13.6 TRANSPOSE SPLITS =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Open a split on the left with :vs hello1 and then a split below
|
|
with :hs hello2.
|
|
|
|
Move to the tutor split, then press Ctrl-w t to transpose the
|
|
vertical split opened from this window: now, hello1 and
|
|
hello2 are below, rather than to the right of, the tutor. Press
|
|
Ctrl-w t again to transpose back.
|
|
|
|
Move to the hello1 split, then press Ctrl-w t to transpose the
|
|
horizontal split that was opened from this window: now hello2
|
|
is on the right, rather than below, hello1. Press Ctrl-w t to
|
|
transpose back.
|
|
|
|
Move back to the tutor split and press Ctrl-w o to close all but
|
|
the tutor window.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 13.7 OPEN SPLIT FROM FILEPICKER =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Splits can also be opened directly from the file picker. Press
|
|
space f to open the file picker. From there, you can type in text
|
|
to perform file lookup with fuzzy matching, and use the arrows
|
|
up and down to move the selected file (indicated by the > symbol).
|
|
If you want to exit the file picker, press Escape.
|
|
|
|
Select any file you like in the file picker. You could open it in
|
|
the current view by pressing enter (do not do this at present).
|
|
But you can also open it in a new split. Press Ctrl-v to open
|
|
the selected file in a new vertical split. Press space f again,
|
|
select any file you want, and press Ctrl-s to open it in a
|
|
horizontal split.
|
|
|
|
Move back to the tutor split, and press Ctrl-w o to close all
|
|
splits except this one.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 13 RECAP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Splits can be used to display either the same buffer several times
|
|
or several buffers. To access the main windows and splits commands,
|
|
press Ctrl-w . You can move between splits with Ctrl-w hjkl ,
|
|
you can close a split with Ctrl-w q , and you can close all but
|
|
the present split with Ctrl-w o .
|
|
|
|
Splits can also be opened by using the :vs FILENAME and
|
|
:hs FILENAME commands.
|
|
|
|
Splits can also be used directly from the file pickers, by using
|
|
Ctrl-v to open the file selected in a new vertical split, and
|
|
Ctrl-s in a horizontal split.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
This tutorial is still a work-in-progress.
|
|
More sections are planned.
|