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862 lines
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862 lines
25 KiB
Plaintext
_ _ __ __
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| | | | _ \ \ / /
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| |_| | ___ | | (_) \ \/ /
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| _ | / _ \ | | _ ) (
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| | | | | __/ | | | | / /\ \
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|_| |_| \___| |_| |_| /_/ \_\
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A post-modern modal text editor.
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_________________________________________________________________
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Welcome to the Helix editor! Helix is different from editors
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you might be used to in that it is modal, meaning that it has
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different modes for editing text. The primary modes you will
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use are Normal mode and Insert mode. While in Normal mode, the
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keys you type won't actually type text. Instead, they will
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perform various actions with the text. This allows for more
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efficient editing. This tutor will teach you how you can make
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use of Helix's modal editing features. To begin, ensure your
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caps-lock key is not pressed and hold the j key until you reach
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the first lesson.
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=================================================================
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= 1.1 BASIC CURSOR MOVEMENT =
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=================================================================
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↑
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k * h is on the left
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← h l → * l is on the right
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j * j looks like a down arrow
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↓
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The cursor can be moved using the h, j, k, l keys, as shown
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above. The cursor/arrow keys will also work, but it is faster
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to use the hjkl keys as they are closer to the other keys you
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will be using. Try moving around to get a feel for hjkl.
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Once you're ready, hold j to continue to the next lesson.
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=================================================================
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= 1.2 EXITING HELIX =
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=================================================================
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1. Type : to enter Command mode. Your cursor will
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move to the bottom of the screen.
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2. Type q or quit and type <ENTER> to exit Helix.
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Note: The quit command will fail if there are unsaved changes.
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To force quit and DISCARD these changes, type q! or quit!.
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You will learn how to save files later.
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To exit Command mode without entering a command, type <ESC>.
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Now, move on to the next lesson.
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=================================================================
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= 1.3 DELETION =
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=================================================================
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Type the d key to delete the character under the cursor.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Move the cursor to each extra character, and type d to
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delete it.
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--> Thhiss senttencee haass exxtra charracterss.
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This sentence has extra characters.
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Once the sentence is correct, move on to the next lesson.
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=================================================================
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= 1.4 INSERT MODE =
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=================================================================
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Type the i key to enter Insert mode.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Move to a place in the line which is missing text and type
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i to enter Insert mode. Keys you type will now type text.
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3. Enter the missing text.
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4. type <ESC> to exit Insert mode and return to Normal mode.
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5. Repeat until the line matches the line below it.
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--> Th stce misg so.
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This sentence is missing some text.
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Note: If you want to move the cursor while in Insert mode,
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you may use the arrow keys instead of exiting and
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reentering Insert mode.
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Note: The status bar will display your current mode.
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Notice that when you type i, 'NOR' changes to 'INS'.
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=================================================================
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= 1.5 SAVING A FILE =
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=================================================================
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Type :w/:write to save a file.
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1. Exit Helix using :q! as explained before, or open a new
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terminal.
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2. Open a file in Helix by running: hx FILENAME
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3. Make some edits to the file.
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4. Type : to enter Command mode.
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5. Type w or write, and type <ENTER> to save the file.
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You can also type wq or write-quit to save and exit.
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Note: You can optionally enter a filepath after the w/write
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command in order to save to that path.
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Note: If there are any unsaved changes to a file, a plus [+]
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will appear next to the file name in the status bar.
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=================================================================
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= CHAPTER 1 RECAP =
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=================================================================
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* Use the h,j,k,l keys to move the cursor.
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* Type : to enter Command mode.
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* The q/quit and q!/quit! commands will exit Helix. The
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former fails when there are unsaved changes. The latter
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discards them.
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* The w/write command will save the file.
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* The wq/write-quit command will do both.
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* Type d to delete the character at the cursor.
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* Type i to enter Insert mode and type text. Type <ESC> to
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return to Normal mode.
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=================================================================
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= 2.1 MORE INSERT COMMANDS =
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=================================================================
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As you saw, you can type i to enter Insert mode at the current
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position of the cursor. There are a few other ways you can
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enter Insert mode at different locations.
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Common examples of insertion commands include:
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i - Insert before the selection.
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a - Insert after the selection. (a means 'append')
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I - Insert at the start of the line.
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A - Insert at the end of the line.
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1. Move to anywhere in the line below marked -->.
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2. Type A (<SHIFT> + a), your cursor will move to the end of
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the line and you will be able to type.
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3. Type the text necessary to match the line below.
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--> This sentence is miss
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This sentence is missing some text.
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=================================================================
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= 2.2 OPENING LINES =
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=================================================================
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Type o to add a newline and insert below the cursor.
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Type O to add a newline and insert above the cursor.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Type o to open a line below and type your answer.
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--> What is the best editor?
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=================================================================
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= CHAPTER 2 RECAP =
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=================================================================
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* Type a to append to the selection.
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* Type I to enter Insert mode at the first non-whitespace
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character at the start of a line.
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* Type A to enter Insert mode at the end of a line.
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* Use o and O to open lines below/above the cursor respectively.
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=================================================================
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= 3.1 MOTIONS AND SELECTIONS =
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=================================================================
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Type w to select forward until the next word.
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The d key doesn't actually delete the character at the cursor,
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it deletes all selected text. Your cursor is like a
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single-character selection.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Move to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
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3. Type w to select until the beginning of the next word.
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4. Type d to delete the selection.
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5. Repeat for all extra words in the line.
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--> This sentence pencil has vacuum extra words in the it.
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This sentence has extra words in it.
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=================================================================
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= 3.2 MORE ON MOTIONS =
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=================================================================
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As you saw, typing w moves the cursor forward until the start
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of the next word, selecting the text traversed. This is useful
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for moving around text and for selecting text to operate on.
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Some common motions include:
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w - Move forward to before the beginning of the next word.
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e - Move forward to the end of the current word.
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b - Move backward to the beginning of the current word.
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The w,e,b motions also have counterparts - W,E,B - which
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traverse WORDS instead of words. WORDS are only separated by
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whitespace, whereas words can be separated by other characters
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in addition to whitespace.
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All of these motions select the text they traverse.
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=================================================================
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= 3.3 THE CHANGE COMMAND =
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=================================================================
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Type c to change the current selection.
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The change command deletes the current selection and enters
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Insert mode, so it is a very common shorthand for di.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Move to the start of an incorrect word and type w to
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select it.
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3. Type c to delete the word and enter Insert mode.
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4. Type the correct word.
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5. Repeat until the line matches the line below it.
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--> This paper has heavy words behind it.
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This sentence has incorrect words in it.
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=================================================================
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= 3.4 COUNTS WITH MOTIONS =
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=================================================================
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Type a number before a motion to repeat it that many times.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Type 2w to move 2 words forward.
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3. Type 3e to move to the end of the third word forward.
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4. Type 2b to move 2 words backwards
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5. Try the above with different numbers.
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--> This is just a line with words you can move around in.
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=================================================================
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= 3.5 SELECT/EXTEND MODE =
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=================================================================
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Type v to enter Select mode.
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Type v again or <ESC> to return to normal mode
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In Select mode every movement will extend the selection, as
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oppposed to replacing it.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Move to the F of FOO and type v2w to select the two words.
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3. Type d to remove the two words. Notice d returns you to
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Normal mode.
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4. Move to the B of BAZ and repeat the sequence to delete them.
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--> Remove the FOO BAR distracting words BAZ BIZ from this line.
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=================================================================
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= 3.6 SELECTING LINES =
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=================================================================
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Type x to select a whole line. Type x again to select the next.
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1. Move the cursor to the second line below marked -->.
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2. Type x to select the line, and d to delete it.
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3. Move to the fourth line.
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4. Type x twice or type 2x to select 2 lines, and d to delete.
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--> 1) Roses are red,
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--> 2) Mud is fun,
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--> 3) Violets are blue,
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--> 4) I have a car,
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--> 5) Clocks tell time,
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--> 6) Sugar is sweet,
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--> 7) And so are you.
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NOTE: X works similarly to x although it does not extend to
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subsequent lines. X on an empty line does nothing.
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=================================================================
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= 3.7 COLLAPSING SELECTIONS =
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=================================================================
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Type ; to collapse selections to single cursors.
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Sometimes, you want to deselect without having to move the
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cursor(s). This can be done using the ; key.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Use the motions you have learned to move around the line,
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and try using ; to deselect the text after it is selected
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by the motions.
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--> This is an error-free line with words to move around in.
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NOTE: This works the same in select mode.
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=================================================================
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= CHAPTER 3 RECAP =
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=================================================================
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* Type w to select forward until the next word.
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* Type e to select to the end of the current word.
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* Type b to select backward to the start of the current word.
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* Use uppercase counterparts, W,E,B, to traverse WORDS.
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* Type d to delete the entire selection.
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* Type c to delete the selection and enter Insert mode.
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* Type a number before a motion to repeat it that many times.
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* Type v to enter Select mode, where all motions extend the
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selection.
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* Type x to select the entire current line. Type x again to
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select the next line.
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* Type semicolon ( ; ) to collapse selection.
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=================================================================
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= 4.1 UNDOING =
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=================================================================
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Type u to undo. Type U to redo.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Move to the first error, and type d to delete it.
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3. Type u to undo your deletion.
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4. Fix all the errors on the line.
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5. Type u several times to undo your fixes.
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6. Type U (<SHIFT> + u) several times to redo your fixes.
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--> Fiix the errors on thhis line and reeplace them witth undo.
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=================================================================
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= 4.2 COPYING AND PASTING TEXT =
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=================================================================
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Type y to yank (copy) the selection.
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Type p to paste the yanked selection after the cursor.
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Type P to paste the yanked text before the cursor.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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Make sure your cursor is on the "b" of banana.
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2. Type w to select "banana" and y to yank it.
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3. Move to the space between "2" and "3" and type p to paste.
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4. Repeat between "3" and "4".
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--> 1 banana 2 3 4
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1 banana 2 banana 3 banana 4
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Note: Whenever you delete or change text, Helix will copy the
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altered text. Use alt-d/c instead to avoid this.
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Note: Helix doesn't share the system clipboard by default. Type
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space-y/p to yank/paste on your computer's main clipboard.
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=================================================================
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= 4.3 SEARCHING IN FILE =
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=================================================================
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Type / to search forward in file, enter to confirm search.
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Type n to go to the next search match.
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Type N to go to the previous search match.
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1. Type / and type in a common word, like 'banana'.
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2. Type enter to confirm the search.
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3. Use n and N to cycle through the matches.
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Like the select command, searching also uses regex.
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Note: To search backwards, type ? (shift-/).
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Note: Unlike Vim, N doesn't change the search direction.
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N always goes backwards and n always goes forwards.
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=================================================================
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= CHAPTER 4 RECAP =
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=================================================================
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* Type u to undo. Type U to redo.
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* Type y to yank (copy) text and p to paste.
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* Use space-Y and space-P to yank/paste on the system
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clipboard.
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* Type / to search forward in file, and ? to search backwards.
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* Use n and N to cycle through search matches.
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=================================================================
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= 5.1 MULTIPLE CURSORS =
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=================================================================
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Type C to duplicate the cursor to the next suitable line.
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1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked -->.
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2. Type C to duplicate the cursor to the next suitable line.
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Notice how it skips the line in the middle. Keys you type
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will now affect both cursors.
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3. Use Insert mode to correct the lines. The two cursors will
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fix both lines simultaneously.
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4. Type , to remove the second cursor.
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--> Fix th two nes at same ime.
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-->
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--> Fix th two nes at same ime.
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Fix these two lines at the same time.
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Note: Type alt-C to do the same above the cursor.
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=================================================================
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= 5.2 THE SELECT COMMAND =
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=================================================================
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Type s to select matches in the selection.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Type x to select the line.
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3. Type s. A prompt will appear.
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4. Type 'apples' and type <ENTER>. Both occurrences of
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'apples' in the line will be selected.
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5. You can now type c and change 'apples' to something else,
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like 'oranges'.
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6. Type , to remove the second cursor.
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--> I like to eat apples since my favorite fruit is apples.
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I like to eat oranges since my favourite fruit is oranges.
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=================================================================
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= 5.3 SELECTING VIA REGEX =
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=================================================================
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The select command selects regular expressions, not just exact
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matches, allowing you to target more complex patterns.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Select the line with x and then type s.
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3. Enter ' +' to select any amount of consecutive spaces >1.
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4. Type c and change the matches to single spaces.
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--> This sentence has some extra spaces.
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This sentence has some extra spaces.
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Note: If you want to perform find-and-replace, the select
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command is the way to do it. Select the text you want
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to replace in — type % to select the whole file — and
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then perform the steps explained above.
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=================================================================
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= 5.4 ALIGN SELECTIONS =
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=================================================================
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Type & to align the contents of the selections.
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1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked -->.
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2. Type C four times or 4C.
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3. Type W until the cursors are between the numbers and the words.
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4. Type & to align the words.
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--> 97) lorem
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--> 98) ipsum
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--> 99) dolor
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--> 100) sit
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--> 101) amet
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=================================================================
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= 5.5 SPLIT SELECTION INTO LINES =
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=================================================================
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Type A-s (Alt-s) to split the selection(s) on newlines.
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1. Move the first row of the table below.
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2. Select the entire table with 6x.
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3. Type A-s to split into selections at each line.
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4. Align the table with &.
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| FRUIT | AMOUNT |
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| Apples | 8 |
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| Bananas | 6 |
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| Oranges | 3 |
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| Donuts | 4 |
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=================================================================
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= CHAPTER 5 RECAP =
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=================================================================
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* Type C to copy the current selection to below and Alt-C for
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above.
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* Type s to select all instances of a regex pattern inside
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the current selection.
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* Type & to align selections.
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* Type A-s to split the selection into lines.
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=================================================================
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= 6.1 SELECTING TO A CHARACTER =
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=================================================================
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Type f<ch> to select up to and including (find) a character.
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Type t<ch> to do the same, but not including (till) a character.
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Type uppercase F/T to do the same backwards.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->. Place the
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cursor on the first dash.
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2. Type f[ to select to the square bracket.
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3. Type d to delete your selection.
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4. Go to the end of the line and repeat with F].
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5. Move to the second line marked -->, just after the arrow.
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6. Use t and T to delete the dashes around the sentence.
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--> -----[Free this sentence of its brackets!]-----
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--> ------Free this sentence of its dashes!------
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Note: Unlike Vim, Helix doesn't limit these commands to the
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current line. It searches for the character in the file.
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=================================================================
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= 6.2 THE REPLACE COMMAND =
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=================================================================
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Type r<ch> to replace all selected characters with <ch>.
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1. Move to the second line of the table, place the cursor on the
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first =.
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2. Type t| (Shift-\) to select the = separator.
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3. Type r- to replace the separator with dashes.
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| Month | Days |
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|=======|------|
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| Jan | 31 |
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| Feb | 28 |
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| Mar | 31 |
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| ... | ... |
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=================================================================
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= CHAPTER 6 RECAP =
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=================================================================
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* Type f / F to extend selection up to & including a character.
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* Type t / T to extend selection until a character.
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* Type r to replace selected characters.
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=================================================================
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= 7.1 CHANGING CASE =
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=================================================================
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Type ~ to switch the case of all selected letters.
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Type ` to set all selected letters to lowercase.
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Type Alt-` to set all selected letters to uppercase.
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1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked -->.
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2. Select each wrongly capitalised or lowercase letter
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and type ~ over them.
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3. Move to the second line marked -->.
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4. Type x to select the line.
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5. Type ` to change the line to lowercase.
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6. Move to the third line marked -->.
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7. Type x to select the line.
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8. Type Alt-` to change the line to uppercase.
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--> thIs sENtencE hAs MIS-cApitalIsed leTTerS.
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--> this SENTENCE SHOULD all be in LOWERCASE.
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--> THIS sentence should ALL BE IN uppercase!
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=================================================================
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= 7.2 MACROS =
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=================================================================
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Macros are a way to record a set of actions you want to repeat.
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Type Q to start recording a macro, you should see a popup at
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the bottom of your screen. Type Q again to stop recording.
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Type q to repeat your recorded macro.
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1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked -->.
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Ensure your cursor is on the > of the arrow.
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2. Type Q to start recording.
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3. Edit the line to look like the bottom one.
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4. Exit insert and Type Q again to stop recording.
|
|
5. Move to the line below and put your cursor on the > again.
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|
6. Type q to repeat the macro.
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|
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--> ... sentence doesn't have it's first and last ... .
|
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--> ... sentence doesn't have it's first and last ... .
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This sentence doesn't have it's first and last word.
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=================================================================
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= CHAPTER 6 RECAP =
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=================================================================
|
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* Type ~ to alternate case of selected letters.
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|
* Use ` and alt-` to set the case of selected layers to
|
|
upper and lower respectively.
|
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|
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* Type Q to record and stop recording a macro.
|
|
* Type q to repeat the recorded macro.
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=================================================================
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= 8.1 USING THE JUMPLIST =
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=================================================================
|
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Helix can keep track of "jumps" which are big movements, like
|
|
jumping to the definition of a function in code. It stores
|
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these in what's called the jumplist.
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|
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Type C-s (ctrl-s) to manually save your current position to
|
|
the jumplist.
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|
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Type C-i and C-o to move forward and backwards in the jumplist
|
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respectively.
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|
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1. Type C-s somewhere.
|
|
2. Move far away in the file.
|
|
3. Type C-o (just once!) to come back to where you saved.
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=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 7 RECAP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
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|
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* Type C-s to save position to the jumplist.
|
|
* Type C-i and C-o to go forward and backward in the jumplist.
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=================================================================
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|
= 9.1 JOINING LINES =
|
|
=================================================================
|
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|
|
Type J to join together lines in selection.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
|
|
2. Type x four times or 4x to select all four lines.
|
|
3. Type J to join the lines together.
|
|
|
|
--> This sentence
|
|
is spilling over
|
|
onto other
|
|
lines.
|
|
This sentence is spilling over onto other lines.
|
|
|
|
Note: J works on all lines in selection, so typing xxx or 3x to
|
|
select the lines and then a single J will work the same.
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= 9.2 INDENTING LINES =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
Type > to indent a line and < to outdent it.
|
|
|
|
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
|
|
2. Move down to the second line and type > to indent it.
|
|
3. Move to the third line and type < to unindent it.
|
|
|
|
--> These lines
|
|
are indented
|
|
very poorly.
|
|
|
|
These lines
|
|
are indented
|
|
much better.
|
|
|
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|
|
=================================================================
|
|
= CHAPTER 8 RECAP =
|
|
=================================================================
|
|
|
|
* Type J to join lines within selection.
|
|
|
|
* Type > and < to indent and outdent selected lines.
|
|
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=================================================================
|
|
This tutorial is still a work-in-progress.
|
|
More sections are planned.
|