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391 lines
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391 lines
23 KiB
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="title-page.html">Helix</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="install.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Installation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="usage.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Usage</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="keymap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Keymap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="commands.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Commands</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="lang-support.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Language support</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="from-vim.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Migrating from Vim</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="configuration.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Configuration</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="themes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> Themes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="remapping.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Key remapping</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="languages.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Languages</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="guides/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Guides</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="guides/adding_languages.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Adding languages</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="guides/textobject.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Adding textobject queries</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="guides/indent.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Adding indent queries</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="guides/injection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Adding injection queries</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<div id="content" class="content">
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<main>
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<h1 id="using-helix"><a class="header" href="#using-helix">Using Helix</a></h1>
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<!--toc:start-->
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#registers">Registers</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#user-defined-registers">User-defined registers</a></li>
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<li><a href="#special-registers">Special registers</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#surround">Surround</a></li>
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<li><a href="#selecting-and-manipulating-text-with-textobjects">Selecting and manipulating text with textobjects</a></li>
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<li><a href="#navigating-using-tree-sitter-textobjects">Navigating using tree-sitter textobjects</a></li>
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<li><a href="#moving-the-selection-with-syntax-aware-motions">Moving the selection with syntax-aware motions</a></li>
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</ul>
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<!--toc:end-->
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<p>For a full interactive introduction to Helix, refer to the
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<a href="https://github.com/helix-editor/helix/blob/master/runtime/tutor">tutor</a> which
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can be accessed via the command <code>hx --tutor</code> or <code>:tutor</code>.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>💡 Currently, not all functionality is fully documented, please refer to the
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<a href="./keymap.html">key mappings</a> list.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2 id="registers"><a class="header" href="#registers">Registers</a></h2>
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<p>In Helix, registers are storage locations for text and other data, such as the
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result of a search. Registers can be used to cut, copy, and paste text, similar
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to the clipboard in other text editors. Usage is similar to Vim, with <code>"</code> being
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used to select a register.</p>
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<h3 id="user-defined-registers"><a class="header" href="#user-defined-registers">User-defined registers</a></h3>
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<p>Helix allows you to create your own named registers for storing text, for
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example:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>"ay</code> - Yank the current selection to register <code>a</code>.</li>
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<li><code>"op</code> - Paste the text in register <code>o</code> after the selection.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If a register is selected before invoking a change or delete command, the selection will be stored in the register and the action will be carried out:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>"hc</code> - Store the selection in register <code>h</code> and then change it (delete and enter insert mode).</li>
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<li><code>"md</code> - Store the selection in register <code>m</code> and delete it.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="special-registers"><a class="header" href="#special-registers">Special registers</a></h3>
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<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th>Register character</th><th>Contains</th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td><code>/</code></td><td>Last search</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>:</code></td><td>Last executed command</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>"</code></td><td>Last yanked text</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>_</code></td><td>Black hole</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<p>The system clipboard is not directly supported by a special register. Instead, special commands and keybindings are provided. Refer to the
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<a href="keymap.html#space-mode">key map</a> for more details.</p>
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<p>The black hole register is a no-op register, meaning that no data will be read or written to it.</p>
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<h2 id="surround"><a class="header" href="#surround">Surround</a></h2>
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<p>Helix includes built-in functionality similar to <a href="https://github.com/tpope/vim-surround">vim-surround</a>.
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The keymappings have been inspired from <a href="https://github.com/machakann/vim-sandwich">vim-sandwich</a>:</p>
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<p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/23398472/122865801-97073180-d344-11eb-8142-8f43809982c6.gif" alt="Surround demo" /></p>
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<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th>Key Sequence</th><th>Action</th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td><code>ms<char></code> (after selecting text)</td><td>Add surround characters to selection</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>mr<char_to_replace><new_char></code></td><td>Replace the closest surround characters</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>md<char_to_delete></code></td><td>Delete the closest surround characters</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<p>You can use counts to act on outer pairs.</p>
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<p>Surround can also act on multiple selections. For example, to change every occurrence of <code>(use)</code> to <code>[use]</code>:</p>
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<ol>
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<li><code>%</code> to select the whole file</li>
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<li><code>s</code> to split the selections on a search term</li>
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<li>Input <code>use</code> and hit Enter</li>
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<li><code>mr([</code> to replace the parentheses with square brackets</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Multiple characters are currently not supported, but planned for future release.</p>
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<h2 id="selecting-and-manipulating-text-with-textobjects"><a class="header" href="#selecting-and-manipulating-text-with-textobjects">Selecting and manipulating text with textobjects</a></h2>
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<p>In Helix, textobjects are a way to select, manipulate and operate on a piece of
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text in a structured way. They allow you to refer to blocks of text based on
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their structure or purpose, such as a word, sentence, paragraph, or even a
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function or block of code.</p>
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<p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/23398472/124231131-81a4bb00-db2d-11eb-9d10-8e577ca7b177.gif" alt="Textobject demo" />
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<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/23398472/132537398-2a2e0a54-582b-44ab-a77f-eb818942203d.gif" alt="Textobject tree-sitter demo" /></p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>ma</code> - Select around the object (<code>va</code> in Vim, <code><alt-a></code> in Kakoune)</li>
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<li><code>mi</code> - Select inside the object (<code>vi</code> in Vim, <code><alt-i></code> in Kakoune)</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th>Key after <code>mi</code> or <code>ma</code></th><th>Textobject selected</th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td><code>w</code></td><td>Word</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>W</code></td><td>WORD</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>p</code></td><td>Paragraph</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>(</code>, <code>[</code>, <code>'</code>, etc.</td><td>Specified surround pairs</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>m</code></td><td>The closest surround pair</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>f</code></td><td>Function</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>t</code></td><td>Type (or Class)</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>a</code></td><td>Argument/parameter</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>c</code></td><td>Comment</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>T</code></td><td>Test</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>g</code></td><td>Change</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<blockquote>
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<p>💡 <code>f</code>, <code>t</code>, etc. need a tree-sitter grammar active for the current
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document and a special tree-sitter query file to work properly. <a href="./lang-support.html">Only
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some grammars</a> currently have the query file implemented.
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Contributions are welcome!</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2 id="navigating-using-tree-sitter-textobjects"><a class="header" href="#navigating-using-tree-sitter-textobjects">Navigating using tree-sitter textobjects</a></h2>
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<p>Navigating between functions, classes, parameters, and other elements is
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possible using tree-sitter and textobject queries. For
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example to move to the next function use <code>]f</code>, to move to previous
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type use <code>[t</code>, and so on.</p>
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<p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/23398472/152332550-7dfff043-36a2-4aec-b8f2-77c13eb56d6f.gif" alt="Tree-sitter-nav-demo" /></p>
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<p>For the full reference see the <a href="./keymap.html#unimpaired">unimpaired</a> section of the key bind
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documentation.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>💡 This feature relies on tree-sitter textobjects
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and requires the corresponding query file to work properly.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2 id="moving-the-selection-with-syntax-aware-motions"><a class="header" href="#moving-the-selection-with-syntax-aware-motions">Moving the selection with syntax-aware motions</a></h2>
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<p><code>Alt-p</code>, <code>Alt-o</code>, <code>Alt-i</code>, and <code>Alt-n</code> (or <code>Alt</code> and arrow keys) allow you to move the
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selection according to its location in the syntax tree. For example, many languages have the
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following syntax for function calls:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-js">func(arg1, arg2, arg3);
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</code></pre>
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<p>A function call might be parsed by tree-sitter into a tree like the following.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-tsq">(call
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function: (identifier) ; func
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arguments:
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(arguments ; (arg1, arg2, arg3)
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(identifier) ; arg1
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(identifier) ; arg2
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(identifier))) ; arg3
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</code></pre>
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<p>Use <code>:tree-sitter-subtree</code> to view the syntax tree of the primary selection. In
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a more intuitive tree format:</p>
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<pre><code> ┌────┐
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│call│
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┌─────┴────┴─────┐
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│ │
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┌─────▼────┐ ┌────▼────┐
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│identifier│ │arguments│
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│ "func" │ ┌────┴───┬─────┴───┐
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└──────────┘ │ │ │
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│ │ │
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┌─────────▼┐ ┌────▼─────┐ ┌▼─────────┐
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│identifier│ │identifier│ │identifier│
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│ "arg1" │ │ "arg2" │ │ "arg3" │
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└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
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</code></pre>
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<p>If you have a selection that wraps <code>arg1</code> (see the tree above), and you use
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<code>Alt-n</code>, it will select the next sibling in the syntax tree: <code>arg2</code>.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-js">// before
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func([arg1], arg2, arg3)
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// after
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func(arg1, [arg2], arg3);
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</code></pre>
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<p>Similarly, <code>Alt-o</code> will expand the selection to the parent node, in this case, the
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arguments node.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-js">func[(arg1, arg2, arg3)];
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>There is also some nuanced behavior that prevents you from getting stuck on a
|
|
node with no sibling. When using <code>Alt-p</code> with a selection on <code>arg1</code>, the previous
|
|
child node will be selected. In the event that <code>arg1</code> does not have a previous
|
|
sibling, the selection will move up the syntax tree and select the previous
|
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element. As a result, using <code>Alt-p</code> with a selection on <code>arg1</code> will move the
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selection to the "func" <code>identifier</code>.</p>
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