diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 467ccbf4..5ce9ed62 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ jobs:
           else
             cp "target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/hx" "dist/"
           fi
+          cp -r runtime dist
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2.2.4
         with:
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ jobs:
               pkgname=helix-$TAG-$platform
               mkdir tmp/$pkgname
               cp LICENSE README.md tmp/$pkgname
-              cp -r runtime tmp/$pkgname/
+              mv bins-$platform/runtime tmp/$pkgname/
               mv bins-$platform/hx$exe tmp/$pkgname
               chmod +x tmp/$pkgname/hx$exe
 
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 1a42b440..346d0946 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ target
 helix-term/rustfmt.toml
 helix-syntax/languages/
 result
+runtime/grammars
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 2cd202f3..e262f081 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.41"
+version = "1.0.42"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "15af2628f6890fe2609a3b91bef4c83450512802e59489f9c1cb1fa5df064a61"
+checksum = "595d3cfa7a60d4555cb5067b99f07142a08ea778de5cf993f7b75c7d8fabc486"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arc-swap"
@@ -58,12 +58,9 @@ checksum = "df8670b8c7b9dae1793364eafadf7239c40d669904660c5960d74cfd80b46a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.0.68"
+version = "1.0.69"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4a72c244c1ff497a746a7e1fb3d14bd08420ecda70c8f25c7112f2781652d787"
-dependencies = [
- "jobserver",
-]
+checksum = "e70cc2f62c6ce1868963827bd677764c62d07c3d9a3e1fb1177ee1a9ab199eb2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
@@ -354,8 +351,9 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "helix-syntax"
 version = "0.3.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
  "cc",
- "serde",
+ "libloading",
  "threadpool",
  "tree-sitter",
 ]
@@ -475,15 +473,6 @@ version = "0.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dd25036021b0de88a0aff6b850051563c6516d0bf53f8638938edbb9de732736"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "jobserver"
-version = "0.1.22"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "972f5ae5d1cb9c6ae417789196c803205313edde988685da5e3aae0827b9e7fd"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "jsonrpc-core"
 version = "17.1.0"
@@ -509,6 +498,16 @@ version = "0.2.97"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "12b8adadd720df158f4d70dfe7ccc6adb0472d7c55ca83445f6a5ab3e36f8fb6"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "libloading"
+version = "0.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6f84d96438c15fcd6c3f244c8fce01d1e2b9c6b5623e9c711dc9286d8fc92d6a"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "winapi",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
 version = "0.4.4"
@@ -914,9 +913,9 @@ checksum = "f173ac3d1a7e3b28003f40de0b5ce7fe2710f9b9dc3fc38664cebee46b3b6527"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "slotmap"
-version = "1.0.3"
+version = "1.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "585cd5dffe4e9e06f6dfdf66708b70aca3f781bed561f4f667b2d9c0d4559e36"
+checksum = "a952280edbecfb1d4bd3cf2dbc309dc6ab523e53487c438ae21a6df09fe84bc4"
 dependencies = [
  "version_check",
 ]
@@ -957,18 +956,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
-version = "1.0.25"
+version = "1.0.26"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fa6f76457f59514c7eeb4e59d891395fab0b2fd1d40723ae737d64153392e9c6"
+checksum = "93119e4feac1cbe6c798c34d3a53ea0026b0b1de6a120deef895137c0529bfe2"
 dependencies = [
  "thiserror-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "1.0.25"
+version = "1.0.26"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8a36768c0fbf1bb15eca10defa29526bda730a2376c2ab4393ccfa16fb1a318d"
+checksum = "060d69a0afe7796bf42e9e2ff91f5ee691fb15c53d38b4b62a9a53eb23164745"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1010,9 +1009,9 @@ checksum = "cda74da7e1a664f795bb1f8a87ec406fb89a02522cf6e50620d016add6dbbf5c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.7.1"
+version = "1.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5fb2ed024293bb19f7a5dc54fe83bf86532a44c12a2bb8ba40d64a4509395ca2"
+checksum = "98c8b05dc14c75ea83d63dd391100353789f5f24b8b3866542a5e85c8be8e985"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "bytes",
@@ -1041,9 +1040,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-stream"
-version = "0.1.6"
+version = "0.1.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8864d706fdb3cc0843a49647ac892720dac98a6eeb818b77190592cf4994066"
+checksum = "7b2f3f698253f03119ac0102beaa64f67a67e08074d03a22d18784104543727f"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "pin-project-lite",
@@ -1104,9 +1103,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-segmentation"
-version = "1.7.1"
+version = "1.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bb0d2e7be6ae3a5fa87eed5fb451aff96f2573d2694942e40543ae0bbe19c796"
+checksum = "8895849a949e7845e06bd6dc1aa51731a103c42707010a5b591c0038fb73385b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-width"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 56eddb31..b4f5b867 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -41,14 +41,17 @@ cargo install --path helix-term
 
 This will install the `hx` binary to `$HOME/.cargo/bin`.
 
-Now copy the `runtime/` directory somewhere. Helix will by default look for the runtime
-inside the config directory or the same directory as executable, but that can be overriden
+Helix also needs it's runtime files so make sure to copy/symlink the `runtime/` directory into the
+config directory (for example `~/.config/helix/runtime` on Linux/macOS). This location can be overriden
 via the `HELIX_RUNTIME` environment variable.
 
-> NOTE: running via cargo doesn't require setting explicit `HELIX_RUNTIME` path, it will automatically
+Packages already solve this for you by wrapping the `hx` binary with a wrapper
+that sets the variable to the install dir.
+
+> NOTE: running via cargo also doesn't require setting explicit `HELIX_RUNTIME` path, it will automatically
 > detect the `runtime` directory in the project root.
 
-If you want to embed the `runtime/` directory into the Helix binary you can build
+Alternatively, if you want to embed the `runtime/` directory into the Helix binary you can build
 it with:
 
 ```
diff --git a/book/src/keymap.md b/book/src/keymap.md
index c0c455d3..5d6e5795 100644
--- a/book/src/keymap.md
+++ b/book/src/keymap.md
@@ -41,26 +41,29 @@
 
 ### Changes
 
-| Key   | Description                                     |
-| ----- | -----------                                     |
-| `r`   | Replace with a character                        |
-| `R`   | Replace with yanked text                        |
-| `i`   | Insert before selection                         |
-| `a`   | Insert after selection (append)                 |
-| `I`   | Insert at the start of the line                 |
-| `A`   | Insert at the end of the line                   |
-| `o`   | Open new line below selection                   |
-| `o`   | Open new line above selection                   |
-| `u`   | Undo change                                     |
-| `U`   | Redo change                                     |
-| `y`   | Yank selection                                  |
-| `p`   | Paste after selection                           |
-| `P`   | Paste before selection                          |
-| `>`   | Indent selection                                |
-| `<`   | Unindent selection                              |
-| `=`   | Format selection                                |
-| `d`   | Delete selection                                |
-| `c`   | Change selection (delete and enter insert mode) |
+| Key      | Description                                     |
+| -----    | -----------                                     |
+| `r`      | Replace with a character                        |
+| `R`      | Replace with yanked text                        |
+| `~`      | Switch case of the selected text                |
+| `\``     | Set the selected text to upper case             |
+| `Alt-\`` | Set the selected text to lower case             |
+| `i`      | Insert before selection                         |
+| `a`      | Insert after selection (append)                 |
+| `I`      | Insert at the start of the line                 |
+| `A`      | Insert at the end of the line                   |
+| `o`      | Open new line below selection                   |
+| `o`      | Open new line above selection                   |
+| `u`      | Undo change                                     |
+| `U`      | Redo change                                     |
+| `y`      | Yank selection                                  |
+| `p`      | Paste after selection                           |
+| `P`      | Paste before selection                          |
+| `>`      | Indent selection                                |
+| `<`      | Unindent selection                              |
+| `=`      | Format selection                                |
+| `d`      | Delete selection                                |
+| `c`      | Change selection (delete and enter insert mode) |
 
 ### Selection manipulation
 
diff --git a/book/src/themes.md b/book/src/themes.md
index e5c461fd..f17195aa 100644
--- a/book/src/themes.md
+++ b/book/src/themes.md
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ Possible keys:
 | `attribute`              |                                     |
 | `keyword`                |                                     |
 | `keyword.directive`      | Preprocessor directives (\#if in C) |
+| `keyword.control`        | Control flow                        |
 | `namespace`              |                                     |
 | `punctuation`            |                                     |
 | `punctuation.delimiter`  |                                     |
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ Possible keys:
 | `variable.parameter`     |                                     |
 | `type`                   |                                     |
 | `type.builtin`           |                                     |
+| `type.enum.variant`      | Enum variants                       |
 | `constructor`            |                                     |
 | `function`               |                                     |
 | `function.macro`         |                                     |
diff --git a/helix-core/Cargo.toml b/helix-core/Cargo.toml
index 80d559a9..634c4d9f 100644
--- a/helix-core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/helix-core/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ helix-syntax = { version = "0.3", path = "../helix-syntax" }
 ropey = "1.3"
 smallvec = "1.4"
 tendril = "0.4.2"
-unicode-segmentation = "1.7"
+unicode-segmentation = "1.8"
 unicode-width = "0.1"
 unicode-general-category = "0.4"
 # slab = "0.4.2"
diff --git a/helix-core/src/indent.rs b/helix-core/src/indent.rs
index 81bdffc0..1b36db7b 100644
--- a/helix-core/src/indent.rs
+++ b/helix-core/src/indent.rs
@@ -253,14 +253,14 @@ where
 
         let doc = Rope::from(doc);
         use crate::syntax::{
-            Configuration, IndentationConfiguration, Lang, LanguageConfiguration, Loader,
+            Configuration, IndentationConfiguration, LanguageConfiguration, Loader,
         };
         use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
         let loader = Loader::new(Configuration {
             language: vec![LanguageConfiguration {
                 scope: "source.rust".to_string(),
                 file_types: vec!["rs".to_string()],
-                language_id: Lang::Rust,
+                language_id: "Rust".to_string(),
                 highlight_config: OnceCell::new(),
                 //
                 roots: vec![],
diff --git a/helix-core/src/syntax.rs b/helix-core/src/syntax.rs
index 84a5f9bd..d9bfc16f 100644
--- a/helix-core/src/syntax.rs
+++ b/helix-core/src/syntax.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::{
     Rope, RopeSlice, Tendril,
 };
 
-pub use helix_syntax::{get_language, get_language_name, Lang};
+pub use helix_syntax::get_language;
 
 use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub struct Configuration {
 #[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 pub struct LanguageConfiguration {
     #[serde(rename = "name")]
-    pub(crate) language_id: Lang,
+    pub(crate) language_id: String,
     pub scope: String,           // source.rust
     pub file_types: Vec<String>, // filename ends_with? <Gemfile, rb, etc>
     pub roots: Vec<String>,      // these indicate project roots <.git, Cargo.toml>
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ fn read_query(language: &str, filename: &str) -> String {
 
 impl LanguageConfiguration {
     fn initialize_highlight(&self, scopes: &[String]) -> Option<Arc<HighlightConfiguration>> {
-        let language = get_language_name(self.language_id).to_ascii_lowercase();
+        let language = self.language_id.to_ascii_lowercase();
 
         let highlights_query = read_query(&language, "highlights.scm");
         // always highlight syntax errors
@@ -161,17 +161,17 @@ impl LanguageConfiguration {
 
         let injections_query = read_query(&language, "injections.scm");
 
-        let locals_query = "";
+        let locals_query = read_query(&language, "locals.scm");
 
         if highlights_query.is_empty() {
             None
         } else {
-            let language = get_language(self.language_id);
+            let language = get_language(&crate::RUNTIME_DIR, &self.language_id).ok()?;
             let config = HighlightConfiguration::new(
                 language,
                 &highlights_query,
                 &injections_query,
-                locals_query,
+                &locals_query,
             )
             .unwrap(); // TODO: no unwrap
             config.configure(scopes);
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ impl LanguageConfiguration {
     pub fn indent_query(&self) -> Option<&IndentQuery> {
         self.indent_query
             .get_or_init(|| {
-                let language = get_language_name(self.language_id).to_ascii_lowercase();
+                let language = self.language_id.to_ascii_lowercase();
 
                 let toml = load_runtime_file(&language, "indents.toml").ok()?;
                 toml::from_slice(toml.as_bytes()).ok()
@@ -1812,7 +1812,7 @@ mod test {
         .map(String::from)
         .collect();
 
-        let language = get_language(Lang::Rust);
+        let language = get_language(&crate::RUNTIME_DIR, "Rust").unwrap();
         let config = HighlightConfiguration::new(
             language,
             &std::fs::read_to_string(
diff --git a/helix-lsp/Cargo.toml b/helix-lsp/Cargo.toml
index 8d43af69..be099821 100644
--- a/helix-lsp/Cargo.toml
+++ b/helix-lsp/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,5 +23,5 @@ lsp-types = { version = "0.89", features = ["proposed"] }
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
 thiserror = "1.0"
-tokio = { version = "1.7", features = ["full"] }
-tokio-stream = "0.1.6"
+tokio = { version = "1.8", features = ["full"] }
+tokio-stream = "0.1.7"
diff --git a/helix-syntax/Cargo.toml b/helix-syntax/Cargo.toml
index 140e3d24..7ad24488 100644
--- a/helix-syntax/Cargo.toml
+++ b/helix-syntax/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,8 +12,10 @@ include = ["src/**/*", "languages/**/*", "build.rs", "!**/docs/**/*", "!**/test/
 
 [dependencies]
 tree-sitter = "0.19"
-serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+libloading = "0.7"
+anyhow = "1"
 
 [build-dependencies]
-cc = { version = "1",  features = ["parallel"] }
+cc = { version = "1" }
 threadpool = { version = "1.0" }
+anyhow = "1"
diff --git a/helix-syntax/build.rs b/helix-syntax/build.rs
index 847f8a67..02c4bc0a 100644
--- a/helix-syntax/build.rs
+++ b/helix-syntax/build.rs
@@ -1,79 +1,147 @@
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Context, Result};
 use std::fs;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::time::SystemTime;
+use std::{
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    process::Command,
+};
 
 use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
 
-fn collect_tree_sitter_dirs(ignore: &[String]) -> Vec<String> {
+fn collect_tree_sitter_dirs(ignore: &[String]) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
     let mut dirs = Vec::new();
-    for entry in fs::read_dir("languages").unwrap().flatten() {
+    let path = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("languages");
+
+    for entry in fs::read_dir(path)? {
+        let entry = entry?;
         let path = entry.path();
-        let dir = path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
-        if !ignore.contains(&dir) {
-            dirs.push(dir);
+
+        if !entry.file_type()?.is_dir() {
+            continue;
         }
-    }
-    dirs
-}
 
-fn collect_src_files(dir: &str) -> (Vec<String>, Vec<String>) {
-    eprintln!("Collect files for {}", dir);
+        let dir = path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
 
-    let mut c_files = Vec::new();
-    let mut cpp_files = Vec::new();
-    let path = PathBuf::from("languages").join(&dir).join("src");
-    for entry in fs::read_dir(path).unwrap().flatten() {
-        let path = entry.path();
-        if path
-            .file_stem()
-            .unwrap()
-            .to_str()
-            .unwrap()
-            .starts_with("binding")
-        {
+        // filter ignores
+        if ignore.contains(&dir) {
             continue;
         }
-        if let Some(ext) = path.extension() {
-            if ext == "c" {
-                c_files.push(path.to_str().unwrap().to_string());
-            } else if ext == "cc" || ext == "cpp" || ext == "cxx" {
-                cpp_files.push(path.to_str().unwrap().to_string());
-            }
-        }
+        dirs.push(dir)
     }
-    (c_files, cpp_files)
-}
 
-fn build_c(files: Vec<String>, language: &str) {
-    let mut build = cc::Build::new();
-    for file in files {
-        build
-            .file(&file)
-            .include(PathBuf::from(file).parent().unwrap())
-            .pic(true)
-            .warnings(false);
-    }
-    build.compile(&format!("tree-sitter-{}-c", language));
+    Ok(dirs)
 }
 
-fn build_cpp(files: Vec<String>, language: &str) {
-    let mut build = cc::Build::new();
+#[cfg(unix)]
+const DYLIB_EXTENSION: &str = "so";
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+const DYLIB_EXTENSION: &str = "dll";
 
-    let flag = if build.get_compiler().is_like_msvc() {
-        "/std:c++17"
+fn build_library(src_path: &Path, language: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let header_path = src_path;
+    // let grammar_path = src_path.join("grammar.json");
+    let parser_path = src_path.join("parser.c");
+    let mut scanner_path = src_path.join("scanner.c");
+
+    let scanner_path = if scanner_path.exists() {
+        Some(scanner_path)
     } else {
-        "-std=c++14"
+        scanner_path.set_extension("cc");
+        if scanner_path.exists() {
+            Some(scanner_path)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
     };
+    let parser_lib_path = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("../runtime/grammars");
+    let mut library_path = parser_lib_path.join(language);
+    library_path.set_extension(DYLIB_EXTENSION);
 
-    for file in files {
-        build
-            .file(&file)
-            .include(PathBuf::from(file).parent().unwrap())
-            .pic(true)
-            .warnings(false)
-            .cpp(true)
-            .flag_if_supported(flag);
+    let recompile = needs_recompile(&library_path, &parser_path, &scanner_path)
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to compare source and binary timestamps")?;
+
+    if !recompile {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    let mut config = cc::Build::new();
+    config.cpp(true).opt_level(2).cargo_metadata(false);
+    let compiler = config.get_compiler();
+    let mut command = Command::new(compiler.path());
+    command.current_dir(src_path);
+    for (key, value) in compiler.env() {
+        command.env(key, value);
     }
-    build.compile(&format!("tree-sitter-{}-cpp", language));
+
+    if cfg!(windows) {
+        command
+            .args(&["/nologo", "/LD", "/I"])
+            .arg(header_path)
+            .arg("/Od");
+        if let Some(scanner_path) = scanner_path.as_ref() {
+            command.arg(scanner_path);
+        }
+
+        command
+            .arg(parser_path)
+            .arg("/link")
+            .arg(format!("/out:{}", library_path.to_str().unwrap()));
+    } else {
+        command
+            .arg("-shared")
+            .arg("-fPIC")
+            .arg("-fno-exceptions")
+            .arg("-g")
+            .arg("-I")
+            .arg(header_path)
+            .arg("-o")
+            .arg(&library_path)
+            .arg("-O2");
+        if let Some(scanner_path) = scanner_path.as_ref() {
+            if scanner_path.extension() == Some("c".as_ref()) {
+                command.arg("-xc").arg("-std=c99").arg(scanner_path);
+            } else {
+                command.arg(scanner_path);
+            }
+        }
+        command.arg("-xc").arg(parser_path);
+    }
+
+    let output = command
+        .output()
+        .with_context(|| "Failed to execute C compiler")?;
+    if !output.status.success() {
+        return Err(anyhow!(
+            "Parser compilation failed.\nStdout: {}\nStderr: {}",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+        ));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+fn needs_recompile(
+    lib_path: &Path,
+    parser_c_path: &Path,
+    scanner_path: &Option<PathBuf>,
+) -> Result<bool> {
+    if !lib_path.exists() {
+        return Ok(true);
+    }
+    let lib_mtime = mtime(lib_path)?;
+    if mtime(parser_c_path)? > lib_mtime {
+        return Ok(true);
+    }
+    if let Some(scanner_path) = scanner_path {
+        if mtime(scanner_path)? > lib_mtime {
+            return Ok(true);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(false)
+}
+
+fn mtime(path: &Path) -> Result<SystemTime> {
+    Ok(fs::metadata(path)?.modified()?)
 }
 
 fn build_dir(dir: &str, language: &str) {
@@ -92,22 +160,21 @@ fn build_dir(dir: &str, language: &str) {
         eprintln!("You can fix in using 'git submodule init && git submodule update --recursive'.");
         std::process::exit(1);
     }
-    let (c, cpp) = collect_src_files(dir);
-    if !c.is_empty() {
-        build_c(c, language);
-    }
-    if !cpp.is_empty() {
-        build_cpp(cpp, language);
-    }
+
+    let path = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+        .join("languages")
+        .join(dir)
+        .join("src");
+
+    build_library(&path, language).unwrap();
 }
 
 fn main() {
     let ignore = vec![
         "tree-sitter-typescript".to_string(),
         "tree-sitter-haskell".to_string(), // aarch64 failures: https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter-haskell/issues/34
-        ".DS_Store".to_string(),
     ];
-    let dirs = collect_tree_sitter_dirs(&ignore);
+    let dirs = collect_tree_sitter_dirs(&ignore).unwrap();
 
     let mut n_jobs = 0;
     let pool = threadpool::Builder::new().build(); // by going through the builder, it'll use num_cpus
@@ -118,7 +185,7 @@ fn main() {
         n_jobs += 1;
 
         pool.execute(move || {
-            let language = &dir[12..]; // skip tree-sitter- prefix
+            let language = &dir.strip_prefix("tree-sitter-").unwrap();
             build_dir(&dir, language);
 
             // report progress
diff --git a/helix-syntax/src/lib.rs b/helix-syntax/src/lib.rs
index 5e3bb3ea..b6c0ecf3 100644
--- a/helix-syntax/src/lib.rs
+++ b/helix-syntax/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,94 +1,39 @@
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use libloading::{Library, Symbol};
 use tree_sitter::Language;
 
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! mk_extern {
-    ( $( $name:ident ),* ) => {
-        $(
-            extern "C" { pub fn $name() -> Language; }
-        )*
-    };
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! mk_enum {
-    ( $( $camel:ident ),* ) => {
-        #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-        #[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
-        pub enum Lang {
-            $(
-                $camel,
-            )*
+fn replace_dashes_with_underscores(name: &str) -> String {
+    let mut result = String::with_capacity(name.len());
+    for c in name.chars() {
+        if c == '-' {
+            result.push('_');
+        } else {
+            result.push(c);
         }
-    };
+    }
+    result
 }
+#[cfg(unix)]
+const DYLIB_EXTENSION: &str = "so";
 
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! mk_get_language {
-    ( $( ($camel:ident, $name:ident) ),* ) => {
-        #[must_use]
-        pub fn get_language(lang: Lang) -> Language {
-            unsafe {
-                match lang {
-                    $(
-                        Lang::$camel => $name(),
-                    )*
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
+#[cfg(windows)]
+const DYLIB_EXTENSION: &str = "dll";
 
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! mk_get_language_name {
-    ( $( $camel:ident ),* ) => {
-        #[must_use]
-        pub const fn get_language_name(lang: Lang) -> &'static str {
-            match lang {
-                $(
-                    Lang::$camel => stringify!($camel),
-                )*
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
+pub fn get_language(runtime_path: &std::path::Path, name: &str) -> Result<Language> {
+    let name = name.to_ascii_lowercase();
+    let mut library_path = runtime_path.join("grammars").join(&name);
+    // TODO: duplicated under build
+    library_path.set_extension(DYLIB_EXTENSION);
 
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! mk_langs {
-    ( $( ($camel:ident, $name:ident) ),* ) => {
-        mk_extern!($( $name ),*);
-        mk_enum!($( $camel ),*);
-        mk_get_language!($( ($camel, $name) ),*);
-        mk_get_language_name!($( $camel ),*);
+    let library = unsafe { Library::new(&library_path) }
+        .with_context(|| format!("Error opening dynamic library {:?}", &library_path))?;
+    let language_fn_name = format!("tree_sitter_{}", replace_dashes_with_underscores(&name));
+    let language = unsafe {
+        let language_fn: Symbol<unsafe extern "C" fn() -> Language> = library
+            .get(language_fn_name.as_bytes())
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to load symbol {}", language_fn_name))?;
+        language_fn()
     };
+    std::mem::forget(library);
+    Ok(language)
 }
-
-mk_langs!(
-    // 1) Name for enum
-    // 2) tree-sitter function to call to get a Language
-    (Agda, tree_sitter_agda),
-    (Bash, tree_sitter_bash),
-    (Cpp, tree_sitter_cpp),
-    (CSharp, tree_sitter_c_sharp),
-    (Css, tree_sitter_css),
-    (C, tree_sitter_c),
-    (Elixir, tree_sitter_elixir),
-    (Go, tree_sitter_go),
-    // (Haskell, tree_sitter_haskell),
-    (Html, tree_sitter_html),
-    (Javascript, tree_sitter_javascript),
-    (Java, tree_sitter_java),
-    (Json, tree_sitter_json),
-    (Julia, tree_sitter_julia),
-    (Latex, tree_sitter_latex),
-    (Nix, tree_sitter_nix),
-    (Php, tree_sitter_php),
-    (Python, tree_sitter_python),
-    (Ruby, tree_sitter_ruby),
-    (Rust, tree_sitter_rust),
-    (Scala, tree_sitter_scala),
-    (Swift, tree_sitter_swift),
-    (Toml, tree_sitter_toml),
-    (Tsx, tree_sitter_tsx),
-    (Typescript, tree_sitter_typescript)
-);
diff --git a/helix-term/src/application.rs b/helix-term/src/application.rs
index 17ba2652..c55d4c98 100644
--- a/helix-term/src/application.rs
+++ b/helix-term/src/application.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use log::error;
 use std::{
     io::{stdout, Write},
     sync::Arc,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
 };
 
 use anyhow::Error;
@@ -82,15 +83,18 @@ impl Application {
                 editor.new_file(Action::VerticalSplit);
                 compositor.push(Box::new(ui::file_picker(first.clone())));
             } else {
+                let nr_of_files = args.files.len();
+                editor.open(first.to_path_buf(), Action::VerticalSplit)?;
                 for file in args.files {
                     if file.is_dir() {
                         return Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
                             "expected a path to file, found a directory. (to open a directory pass it as first argument)"
                         ));
                     } else {
-                        editor.open(file, Action::VerticalSplit)?;
+                        editor.open(file.to_path_buf(), Action::Load)?;
                     }
                 }
+                editor.set_status(format!("Loaded {} files.", nr_of_files));
             }
         } else {
             editor.new_file(Action::VerticalSplit);
@@ -130,6 +134,8 @@ impl Application {
 
     pub async fn event_loop(&mut self) {
         let mut reader = EventStream::new();
+        let mut last_render = Instant::now();
+        let deadline = Duration::from_secs(1) / 60;
 
         self.render();
 
@@ -139,26 +145,22 @@ impl Application {
                 break;
             }
 
-            use futures_util::{FutureExt, StreamExt};
+            use futures_util::StreamExt;
 
             tokio::select! {
+                biased;
+
                 event = reader.next() => {
                     self.handle_terminal_events(event)
                 }
                 Some((id, call)) = self.editor.language_servers.incoming.next() => {
                     self.handle_language_server_message(call, id).await;
-
-                    // eagerly process any other available notifications/calls
-                    let now = std::time::Instant::now();
-                    let deadline = std::time::Duration::from_millis(10);
-                    while let Some(Some((id, call))) = self.editor.language_servers.incoming.next().now_or_never() {
-                       self.handle_language_server_message(call, id).await;
-
-                       if now.elapsed() > deadline { // use a deadline so we don't block too long
-                           break;
-                       }
+                    // limit render calls for fast language server messages
+                    let last = self.editor.language_servers.incoming.is_empty();
+                    if last || last_render.elapsed() > deadline {
+                        self.render();
+                        last_render = Instant::now();
                     }
-                    self.render();
                 }
                 Some(callback) = self.jobs.futures.next() => {
                     self.jobs.handle_callback(&mut self.editor, &mut self.compositor, callback);
diff --git a/helix-term/src/commands.rs b/helix-term/src/commands.rs
index 51e633f6..74b54db7 100644
--- a/helix-term/src/commands.rs
+++ b/helix-term/src/commands.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use helix_core::{
     object, pos_at_coords,
     regex::{self, Regex},
     register::Register,
-    search, selection, LineEnding, Position, Range, Rope, RopeGraphemes, RopeSlice, Selection,
-    SmallVec, Tendril, Transaction,
+    search, selection, surround, textobject, LineEnding, Position, Range, Rope, RopeGraphemes,
+    RopeSlice, Selection, SmallVec, Tendril, Transaction,
 };
 
 use helix_view::{
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use helix_view::{
     Document, DocumentId, Editor, ViewId,
 };
 
-use anyhow::anyhow;
+use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context as _};
 use helix_lsp::{
     lsp,
     util::{lsp_pos_to_pos, lsp_range_to_range, pos_to_lsp_pos, range_to_lsp_range},
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ use crate::{
 use crate::job::{self, Job, Jobs};
 use futures_util::{FutureExt, TryFutureExt};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::{fmt, future::Future};
 
 use std::{
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ use serde::de::{self, Deserialize, Deserializer};
 
 pub struct Context<'a> {
     pub selected_register: helix_view::RegisterSelection,
-    pub count: Option<std::num::NonZeroUsize>,
+    pub count: Option<NonZeroUsize>,
     pub editor: &'a mut Editor,
 
     pub callback: Option<crate::compositor::Callback>,
@@ -75,7 +76,9 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn on_next_key_mode(&mut self, map: HashMap<KeyEvent, fn(&mut Context)>) {
+        let count = self.count;
         self.on_next_key(move |cx, event| {
+            cx.count = count;
             cx.editor.autoinfo = None;
             if let Some(func) = map.get(&event) {
                 func(cx);
@@ -180,6 +183,9 @@ impl Command {
         extend_till_prev_char,
         extend_prev_char,
         replace,
+        switch_case,
+        switch_to_uppercase,
+        switch_to_lowercase,
         page_up,
         page_down,
         half_page_up,
@@ -778,6 +784,57 @@ fn replace(cx: &mut Context) {
     })
 }
 
+fn switch_case(cx: &mut Context) {
+    let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
+    let transaction =
+        Transaction::change_by_selection(doc.text(), doc.selection(view.id), |range| {
+            let text: Tendril = range
+                .fragment(doc.text().slice(..))
+                .chars()
+                .flat_map(|ch| {
+                    if ch.is_lowercase() {
+                        ch.to_uppercase().collect()
+                    } else if ch.is_uppercase() {
+                        ch.to_lowercase().collect()
+                    } else {
+                        vec![ch]
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect();
+
+            (range.from(), range.to() + 1, Some(text))
+        });
+
+    doc.apply(&transaction, view.id);
+    doc.append_changes_to_history(view.id);
+}
+
+fn switch_to_uppercase(cx: &mut Context) {
+    let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
+    let transaction =
+        Transaction::change_by_selection(doc.text(), doc.selection(view.id), |range| {
+            let text: Tendril = range.fragment(doc.text().slice(..)).to_uppercase().into();
+
+            (range.from(), range.to() + 1, Some(text))
+        });
+
+    doc.apply(&transaction, view.id);
+    doc.append_changes_to_history(view.id);
+}
+
+fn switch_to_lowercase(cx: &mut Context) {
+    let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
+    let transaction =
+        Transaction::change_by_selection(doc.text(), doc.selection(view.id), |range| {
+            let text: Tendril = range.fragment(doc.text().slice(..)).to_lowercase().into();
+
+            (range.from(), range.to() + 1, Some(text))
+        });
+
+    doc.apply(&transaction, view.id);
+    doc.append_changes_to_history(view.id);
+}
+
 fn scroll(cx: &mut Context, offset: usize, direction: Direction) {
     use Direction::*;
     let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
@@ -1194,34 +1251,45 @@ mod cmd {
         pub alias: Option<&'static str>,
         pub doc: &'static str,
         // params, flags, helper, completer
-        pub fun: fn(&mut compositor::Context, &[&str], PromptEvent),
+        pub fun: fn(&mut compositor::Context, &[&str], PromptEvent) -> anyhow::Result<()>,
         pub completer: Option<Completer>,
     }
 
-    fn quit(cx: &mut compositor::Context, _args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn quit(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        _args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         // last view and we have unsaved changes
-        if cx.editor.tree.views().count() == 1 && buffers_remaining_impl(cx.editor) {
-            return;
+        if cx.editor.tree.views().count() == 1 {
+            buffers_remaining_impl(cx.editor)?
         }
+
         cx.editor
             .close(view!(cx.editor).id, /* close_buffer */ false);
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn force_quit(cx: &mut compositor::Context, _args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn force_quit(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        _args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         cx.editor
             .close(view!(cx.editor).id, /* close_buffer */ false);
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn open(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
-        match args.get(0) {
-            Some(path) => {
-                // TODO: handle error
-                let _ = cx.editor.open(path.into(), Action::Replace);
-            }
-            None => {
-                cx.editor.set_error("wrong argument count".to_string());
-            }
-        };
+    fn open(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let path = args.get(0).context("wrong argument count")?;
+        let _ = cx.editor.open(path.into(), Action::Replace)?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn write_impl<P: AsRef<Path>>(
@@ -1232,12 +1300,10 @@ mod cmd {
         let (_, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
 
         if let Some(path) = path {
-            if let Err(err) = doc.set_path(path.as_ref()) {
-                return Err(anyhow!("invalid filepath: {}", err));
-            };
+            doc.set_path(path.as_ref()).context("invalid filepath")?;
         }
         if doc.path().is_none() {
-            return Err(anyhow!("cannot write a buffer without a filename"));
+            bail!("cannot write a buffer without a filename");
         }
         let fmt = doc.auto_format().map(|fmt| {
             let shared = fmt.shared();
@@ -1253,21 +1319,33 @@ mod cmd {
         Ok(tokio::spawn(doc.format_and_save(fmt)))
     }
 
-    fn write(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
-        match write_impl(cx, args.first()) {
-            Err(e) => cx.editor.set_error(e.to_string()),
-            Ok(handle) => {
-                cx.jobs
-                    .add(Job::new(handle.unwrap_or_else(|e| Err(e.into()))).wait_before_exiting());
-            }
-        };
+    fn write(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let handle = write_impl(cx, args.first())?;
+        cx.jobs
+            .add(Job::new(handle.unwrap_or_else(|e| Err(e.into()))).wait_before_exiting());
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn new_file(cx: &mut compositor::Context, _args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn new_file(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        _args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         cx.editor.new_file(Action::Replace);
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn format(cx: &mut compositor::Context, _args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn format(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        _args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let (_, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
 
         if let Some(format) = doc.format() {
@@ -1275,9 +1353,14 @@ mod cmd {
                 make_format_callback(doc.id(), doc.version(), Modified::LeaveModified, format);
             cx.jobs.callback(callback);
         }
-    }
 
-    fn set_indent_style(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    fn set_indent_style(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         use IndentStyle::*;
 
         // If no argument, report current indent style.
@@ -1289,7 +1372,7 @@ mod cmd {
                 Spaces(n) if (2..=8).contains(&n) => format!("{} spaces", n),
                 _ => "error".into(), // Shouldn't happen.
             });
-            return;
+            return Ok(());
         }
 
         // Attempt to parse argument as an indent style.
@@ -1304,18 +1387,19 @@ mod cmd {
             _ => None,
         };
 
-        if let Some(s) = style {
-            let doc = doc_mut!(cx.editor);
-            doc.indent_style = s;
-        } else {
-            // Invalid argument.
-            cx.editor
-                .set_error(format!("invalid indent style '{}'", args[0],));
-        }
+        let style = style.context("invalid indent style")?;
+        let doc = doc_mut!(cx.editor);
+        doc.indent_style = style;
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Sets or reports the current document's line ending setting.
-    fn set_line_ending(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn set_line_ending(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         use LineEnding::*;
 
         // If no argument, report current line ending setting.
@@ -1331,7 +1415,8 @@ mod cmd {
                 // These should never be a document's default line ending.
                 VT | LS | PS => "error".into(),
             });
-            return;
+
+            return Ok(());
         }
 
         // Attempt to parse argument as a line ending.
@@ -1345,72 +1430,65 @@ mod cmd {
             _ => None,
         };
 
-        if let Some(le) = line_ending {
-            doc_mut!(cx.editor).line_ending = le;
-        } else {
-            // Invalid argument.
-            cx.editor
-                .set_error(format!("invalid line ending '{}'", args[0],));
-        }
+        let line_ending = line_ending.context("invalid line ending")?;
+        doc_mut!(cx.editor).line_ending = line_ending;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn earlier(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
-        let uk = match args.join(" ").parse::<helix_core::history::UndoKind>() {
-            Ok(uk) => uk,
-            Err(msg) => {
-                cx.editor.set_error(msg);
-                return;
-            }
-        };
+    fn earlier(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let uk = args
+            .join(" ")
+            .parse::<helix_core::history::UndoKind>()
+            .map_err(|s| anyhow!(s))?;
+
         let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
-        doc.earlier(view.id, uk)
+        doc.earlier(view.id, uk);
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn later(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
-        let uk = match args.join(" ").parse::<helix_core::history::UndoKind>() {
-            Ok(uk) => uk,
-            Err(msg) => {
-                cx.editor.set_error(msg);
-                return;
-            }
-        };
+    fn later(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let uk = args
+            .join(" ")
+            .parse::<helix_core::history::UndoKind>()
+            .map_err(|s| anyhow!(s))?;
         let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
-        doc.later(view.id, uk)
+        doc.later(view.id, uk);
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn write_quit(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], event: PromptEvent) {
-        match write_impl(cx, args.first()) {
-            Ok(handle) => {
-                if let Err(e) = helix_lsp::block_on(handle) {
-                    cx.editor.set_error(e.to_string());
-                } else {
-                    quit(cx, &[], event);
-                }
-            }
-            Err(e) => {
-                cx.editor.set_error(e.to_string());
-            }
-        }
+    fn write_quit(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let handle = write_impl(cx, args.first())?;
+        let _ = helix_lsp::block_on(handle)?;
+        quit(cx, &[], event)
     }
 
-    fn force_write_quit(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], event: PromptEvent) {
-        match write_impl(cx, args.first()) {
-            Ok(handle) => {
-                if let Err(e) = helix_lsp::block_on(handle) {
-                    cx.editor.set_error(e.to_string());
-                } else {
-                    force_quit(cx, &[], event);
-                }
-            }
-            Err(e) => {
-                cx.editor.set_error(e.to_string());
-            }
-        }
+    fn force_write_quit(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let handle = write_impl(cx, args.first())?;
+        let _ = helix_lsp::block_on(handle)?;
+        force_quit(cx, &[], event)
     }
 
-    /// Returns `true` if there are modified buffers remaining and sets editor error,
-    /// otherwise returns `false`
-    fn buffers_remaining_impl(editor: &mut Editor) -> bool {
+    /// Results an error if there are modified buffers remaining and sets editor error,
+    /// otherwise returns `Ok(())`
+    fn buffers_remaining_impl(editor: &mut Editor) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let modified: Vec<_> = editor
             .documents()
             .filter(|doc| doc.is_modified())
@@ -1421,16 +1499,13 @@ mod cmd {
             })
             .collect();
         if !modified.is_empty() {
-            let err = format!(
+            bail!(
                 "{} unsaved buffer(s) remaining: {:?}",
                 modified.len(),
                 modified
             );
-            editor.set_error(err);
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn write_all_impl(
@@ -1439,7 +1514,7 @@ mod cmd {
         _event: PromptEvent,
         quit: bool,
         force: bool,
-    ) {
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let mut errors = String::new();
 
         // save all documents
@@ -1452,11 +1527,10 @@ mod cmd {
             // TODO: handle error.
             let _ = helix_lsp::block_on(tokio::spawn(doc.save()));
         }
-        editor.set_error(errors);
 
         if quit {
-            if !force && buffers_remaining_impl(editor) {
-                return;
+            if !force {
+                buffers_remaining_impl(editor)?;
             }
 
             // close all views
@@ -1465,23 +1539,42 @@ mod cmd {
                 editor.close(view_id, false);
             }
         }
+
+        bail!(errors)
     }
 
-    fn write_all(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn write_all(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         write_all_impl(&mut cx.editor, args, event, false, false)
     }
 
-    fn write_all_quit(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn write_all_quit(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         write_all_impl(&mut cx.editor, args, event, true, false)
     }
 
-    fn force_write_all_quit(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn force_write_all_quit(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         write_all_impl(&mut cx.editor, args, event, true, true)
     }
 
-    fn quit_all_impl(editor: &mut Editor, _args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent, force: bool) {
-        if !force && buffers_remaining_impl(editor) {
-            return;
+    fn quit_all_impl(
+        editor: &mut Editor,
+        _args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+        force: bool,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        if !force {
+            buffers_remaining_impl(editor)?;
         }
 
         // close all views
@@ -1489,57 +1582,77 @@ mod cmd {
         for view_id in views {
             editor.close(view_id, false);
         }
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn quit_all(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn quit_all(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         quit_all_impl(&mut cx.editor, args, event, false)
     }
 
-    fn force_quit_all(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn force_quit_all(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         quit_all_impl(&mut cx.editor, args, event, true)
     }
 
-    fn theme(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
-        let theme = if let Some(theme) = args.first() {
-            theme
-        } else {
-            cx.editor.set_error("theme name not provided".into());
-            return;
-        };
-
-        cx.editor.set_theme_from_name(theme);
+    fn theme(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let theme = args.first().context("theme not provided")?;
+        cx.editor.set_theme_from_name(theme)
     }
 
     fn yank_main_selection_to_clipboard(
         cx: &mut compositor::Context,
         _args: &[&str],
         _event: PromptEvent,
-    ) {
-        yank_main_selection_to_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor);
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        yank_main_selection_to_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor)
     }
 
-    fn yank_joined_to_clipboard(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn yank_joined_to_clipboard(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let (_, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
         let separator = args
             .first()
             .copied()
             .unwrap_or_else(|| doc.line_ending.as_str());
-        yank_joined_to_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, separator);
+        yank_joined_to_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, separator)
     }
 
-    fn paste_clipboard_after(cx: &mut compositor::Context, _args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
-        paste_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, Paste::After);
+    fn paste_clipboard_after(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        _args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        paste_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, Paste::After)
     }
 
-    fn paste_clipboard_before(cx: &mut compositor::Context, _args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
-        paste_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, Paste::After);
+    fn paste_clipboard_before(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        _args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        paste_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, Paste::After)
     }
 
     fn replace_selections_with_clipboard(
         cx: &mut compositor::Context,
         _args: &[&str],
         _event: PromptEvent,
-    ) {
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
 
         match cx.editor.clipboard_provider.get_contents() {
@@ -1555,71 +1668,76 @@ mod cmd {
 
                 doc.apply(&transaction, view.id);
                 doc.append_changes_to_history(view.id);
+                Ok(())
             }
-            Err(e) => log::error!("Couldn't get system clipboard contents: {:?}", e),
+            Err(e) => Err(e.context("Couldn't get system clipboard contents")),
         }
     }
 
-    fn show_clipboard_provider(cx: &mut compositor::Context, _args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
+    fn show_clipboard_provider(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        _args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         cx.editor
             .set_status(cx.editor.clipboard_provider.name().into());
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn change_current_directory(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
-        let dir = match args.first() {
-            Some(dir) => dir,
-            None => {
-                cx.editor.set_error("target directory not provided".into());
-                return;
-            }
-        };
+    fn change_current_directory(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let dir = args.first().context("target directory not provided")?;
 
         if let Err(e) = std::env::set_current_dir(dir) {
-            cx.editor.set_error(format!(
-                "Couldn't change the current working directory: {:?}",
-                e
-            ));
-            return;
+            bail!("Couldn't change the current working directory: {:?}", e);
         }
 
-        match std::env::current_dir() {
-            Ok(cwd) => cx.editor.set_status(format!(
-                "Current working directory is now {}",
-                cwd.display()
-            )),
-            Err(e) => cx
-                .editor
-                .set_error(format!("Couldn't get the new working directory: {}", e)),
-        }
+        let cwd = std::env::current_dir().context("Couldn't get the new working directory")?;
+        cx.editor.set_status(format!(
+            "Current working directory is now {}",
+            cwd.display()
+        ));
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn show_current_directory(cx: &mut compositor::Context, _args: &[&str], _event: PromptEvent) {
-        match std::env::current_dir() {
-            Ok(cwd) => cx
-                .editor
-                .set_status(format!("Current working directory is {}", cwd.display())),
-            Err(e) => cx
-                .editor
-                .set_error(format!("Couldn't get the current working directory: {}", e)),
-        }
+    fn show_current_directory(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        _args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let cwd = std::env::current_dir().context("Couldn't get the new working directory")?;
+        cx.editor
+            .set_status(format!("Current working directory is {}", cwd.display()));
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Sets the [`Document`]'s encoding..
-    fn set_encoding(cx: &mut compositor::Context, args: &[&str], _: PromptEvent) {
+    fn set_encoding(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let (_, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
         if let Some(label) = args.first() {
             doc.set_encoding(label)
-                .unwrap_or_else(|e| cx.editor.set_error(e.to_string()));
         } else {
             let encoding = doc.encoding().name().to_string();
-            cx.editor.set_status(encoding)
+            cx.editor.set_status(encoding);
+            Ok(())
         }
     }
 
     /// Reload the [`Document`] from its source file.
-    fn reload(cx: &mut compositor::Context, _args: &[&str], _: PromptEvent) {
+    fn reload(
+        cx: &mut compositor::Context,
+        _args: &[&str],
+        _event: PromptEvent,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
-        doc.reload(view.id).unwrap();
+        doc.reload(view.id)
     }
 
     pub const TYPABLE_COMMAND_LIST: &[TypableCommand] = &[
@@ -1884,7 +2002,9 @@ fn command_mode(cx: &mut Context) {
             }
 
             if let Some(cmd) = cmd::COMMANDS.get(parts[0]) {
-                (cmd.fun)(cx, &parts[1..], event);
+                if let Err(e) = (cmd.fun)(cx, &parts[1..], event) {
+                    cx.editor.set_error(format!("{}", e));
+                }
             } else {
                 cx.editor
                     .set_error(format!("no such command: '{}'", parts[0]));
@@ -2816,7 +2936,7 @@ fn yank(cx: &mut Context) {
     cx.editor.set_status(msg)
 }
 
-fn yank_joined_to_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor, separator: &str) {
+fn yank_joined_to_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor, separator: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let (view, doc) = current!(editor);
 
     let values: Vec<String> = doc
@@ -2832,19 +2952,22 @@ fn yank_joined_to_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor, separator: &str) {
 
     let joined = values.join(separator);
 
-    if let Err(e) = editor.clipboard_provider.set_contents(joined) {
-        log::error!("Couldn't set system clipboard content: {:?}", e);
-    }
+    editor
+        .clipboard_provider
+        .set_contents(joined)
+        .context("Couldn't set system clipboard content")?;
 
     editor.set_status(msg);
+
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 fn yank_joined_to_clipboard(cx: &mut Context) {
     let line_ending = current!(cx.editor).1.line_ending;
-    yank_joined_to_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, line_ending.as_str());
+    let _ = yank_joined_to_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, line_ending.as_str());
 }
 
-fn yank_main_selection_to_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor) {
+fn yank_main_selection_to_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let (view, doc) = current!(editor);
 
     let value = doc
@@ -2853,14 +2976,15 @@ fn yank_main_selection_to_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor) {
         .fragment(doc.text().slice(..));
 
     if let Err(e) = editor.clipboard_provider.set_contents(value.into_owned()) {
-        log::error!("Couldn't set system clipboard content: {:?}", e);
+        bail!("Couldn't set system clipboard content: {:?}", e);
     }
 
     editor.set_status("yanked main selection to system clipboard".to_owned());
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 fn yank_main_selection_to_clipboard(cx: &mut Context) {
-    yank_main_selection_to_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor);
+    let _ = yank_main_selection_to_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor);
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
@@ -2909,7 +3033,7 @@ fn paste_impl(
     Some(transaction)
 }
 
-fn paste_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor, action: Paste) {
+fn paste_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor, action: Paste) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let (view, doc) = current!(editor);
 
     match editor
@@ -2920,18 +3044,19 @@ fn paste_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor, action: Paste) {
         Ok(Some(transaction)) => {
             doc.apply(&transaction, view.id);
             doc.append_changes_to_history(view.id);
+            Ok(())
         }
-        Ok(None) => {}
-        Err(e) => log::error!("Couldn't get system clipboard contents: {:?}", e),
+        Ok(None) => Ok(()),
+        Err(e) => Err(e.context("Couldn't get system clipboard contents")),
     }
 }
 
 fn paste_clipboard_after(cx: &mut Context) {
-    paste_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, Paste::After);
+    let _ = paste_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, Paste::After);
 }
 
 fn paste_clipboard_before(cx: &mut Context) {
-    paste_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, Paste::Before);
+    let _ = paste_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor, Paste::Before);
 }
 
 fn replace_with_yanked(cx: &mut Context) {
@@ -2959,7 +3084,7 @@ fn replace_with_yanked(cx: &mut Context) {
     }
 }
 
-fn replace_selections_with_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor) {
+fn replace_selections_with_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let (view, doc) = current!(editor);
 
     match editor.clipboard_provider.get_contents() {
@@ -2974,13 +3099,14 @@ fn replace_selections_with_clipboard_impl(editor: &mut Editor) {
 
             doc.apply(&transaction, view.id);
             doc.append_changes_to_history(view.id);
+            Ok(())
         }
-        Err(e) => log::error!("Couldn't get system clipboard contents: {:?}", e),
+        Err(e) => Err(e.context("Couldn't get system clipboard contents")),
     }
 }
 
 fn replace_selections_with_clipboard(cx: &mut Context) {
-    replace_selections_with_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor);
+    let _ = replace_selections_with_clipboard_impl(&mut cx.editor);
 }
 
 fn paste_after(cx: &mut Context) {
@@ -3405,24 +3531,6 @@ fn jump_backward(cx: &mut Context) {
     };
 }
 
-fn window_mode(cx: &mut Context) {
-    cx.on_next_key(move |cx, event| {
-        if let KeyEvent {
-            code: KeyCode::Char(ch),
-            ..
-        } = event
-        {
-            match ch {
-                'w' => rotate_view(cx),
-                'h' => hsplit(cx),
-                'v' => vsplit(cx),
-                'q' => wclose(cx),
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-    })
-}
-
 fn rotate_view(cx: &mut Context) {
     cx.editor.focus_next()
 }
@@ -3468,105 +3576,46 @@ fn select_register(cx: &mut Context) {
     })
 }
 
-fn view_mode(cx: &mut Context) {
-    cx.on_next_key(move |cx, event| {
-        if let KeyEvent {
-            code: KeyCode::Char(ch),
-            ..
-        } = event
-        {
-            // if lock, call cx again
-            // TODO: temporarily show VIE in the mode list
-            match ch {
-                // center
-                'z' | 'c'
-                // top
-                | 't'
-                // bottom
-                | 'b' => {
-                    let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
+fn align_view_top(cx: &mut Context) {
+    let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
+    align_view(doc, view, Align::Top);
+}
 
-                    align_view(doc, view, match ch {
-                        'z' | 'c' => Align::Center,
-                        't' => Align::Top,
-                        'b' => Align::Bottom,
-                        _ => unreachable!()
-                    });
-                }
-                'm' => {
-                    let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
-                    let pos = doc.selection(view.id).cursor();
-                    let pos = coords_at_pos(doc.text().slice(..), pos);
+fn align_view_center(cx: &mut Context) {
+    let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
+    align_view(doc, view, Align::Center);
+}
 
-                    const OFFSET: usize = 7; // gutters
-                    view.first_col = pos.col.saturating_sub(((view.area.width as usize).saturating_sub(OFFSET)) / 2);
-                },
-                'h' => (),
-                'j' => scroll(cx, 1, Direction::Forward),
-                'k' => scroll(cx, 1, Direction::Backward),
-                'l' => (),
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-    })
+fn align_view_bottom(cx: &mut Context) {
+    let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
+    align_view(doc, view, Align::Bottom);
 }
 
-fn left_bracket_mode(cx: &mut Context) {
-    cx.on_next_key(move |cx, event| {
-        if let KeyEvent {
-            code: KeyCode::Char(ch),
-            ..
-        } = event
-        {
-            match ch {
-                'd' => goto_prev_diag(cx),
-                'D' => goto_first_diag(cx),
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-    })
+fn align_view_middle(cx: &mut Context) {
+    let (view, doc) = current!(cx.editor);
+    let pos = doc.selection(view.id).cursor();
+    let pos = coords_at_pos(doc.text().slice(..), pos);
+
+    const OFFSET: usize = 7; // gutters
+    view.first_col = pos
+        .col
+        .saturating_sub(((view.area.width as usize).saturating_sub(OFFSET)) / 2);
 }
 
-fn right_bracket_mode(cx: &mut Context) {
-    cx.on_next_key(move |cx, event| {
-        if let KeyEvent {
-            code: KeyCode::Char(ch),
-            ..
-        } = event
-        {
-            match ch {
-                'd' => goto_next_diag(cx),
-                'D' => goto_last_diag(cx),
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-    })
+fn scroll_up(cx: &mut Context) {
+    scroll(cx, cx.count(), Direction::Backward);
 }
 
-use helix_core::surround;
-use helix_core::textobject;
+fn scroll_down(cx: &mut Context) {
+    scroll(cx, cx.count(), Direction::Forward);
+}
 
-fn match_mode(cx: &mut Context) {
-    let count = cx.count;
-    cx.on_next_key(move |cx, event| {
-        if let KeyEvent {
-            code: KeyCode::Char(ch),
-            ..
-        } = event
-        {
-            // FIXME: count gets reset because of cx.on_next_key()
-            cx.count = count;
-            match ch {
-                'm' => match_brackets(cx),
-                's' => surround_add(cx),
-                'r' => surround_replace(cx),
-                'd' => surround_delete(cx),
-                'a' => select_textobject(cx, textobject::TextObject::Around),
-                'i' => select_textobject(cx, textobject::TextObject::Inside),
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-    })
+fn select_textobject_around(cx: &mut Context) {
+    select_textobject(cx, textobject::TextObject::Around);
+}
+
+fn select_textobject_inner(cx: &mut Context) {
+    select_textobject(cx, textobject::TextObject::Inside);
 }
 
 fn select_textobject(cx: &mut Context, objtype: textobject::TextObject) {
@@ -3784,7 +3833,7 @@ mode_info! {
 }
 
 mode_info! {
-    /// goto mode
+    /// goto
     ///
     /// When specified with a count, it will go to that line without entering the mode.
     goto_mode, GOTO_MODE, goto_prehook,
@@ -3815,3 +3864,68 @@ mode_info! {
     /// last accessed file
     "a" => goto_last_accessed_file,
 }
+
+mode_info! {
+   /// window
+   window_mode, WINDOW_MODE,
+   /// rotate
+   "w" | "C-w" => rotate_view,
+   /// horizontal split
+   "h" => hsplit,
+   /// vertical split
+   "v" => vsplit,
+   /// close
+   "q" => wclose,
+}
+
+mode_info! {
+    /// match
+    match_mode, MATCH_MODE,
+    /// matching character
+    "m" => match_brackets,
+    /// surround add
+    "s" => surround_add,
+    /// surround replace
+    "r" => surround_replace,
+    /// surround delete
+    "d" => surround_delete,
+    /// around object
+    "a" => select_textobject_around,
+    /// inside object
+    "i" => select_textobject_inner,
+}
+
+mode_info! {
+    /// select to previous
+    left_bracket_mode, LEFT_BRACKET_MODE,
+    /// previous diagnostic
+    "d" => goto_prev_diag,
+    /// diagnostic (first)
+    "D" => goto_first_diag,
+}
+
+mode_info! {
+    /// select to next
+    right_bracket_mode, RIGHT_BRACKET_MODE,
+    /// diagnostic
+    "d" => goto_next_diag,
+    /// diagnostic (last)
+    "D" => goto_last_diag,
+}
+
+mode_info! {
+    /// view
+    view_mode, VIEW_MODE,
+    /// align view top
+    "t" => align_view_top,
+    /// align view center
+    "z" | "c" => align_view_center,
+    /// align view bottom
+    "b" => align_view_bottom,
+    /// align view middle
+    "m" => align_view_middle,
+    /// scroll up
+    "k" => scroll_up,
+    /// scroll down
+    "j" => scroll_down,
+}
diff --git a/helix-term/src/keymap.rs b/helix-term/src/keymap.rs
index d815e006..32994c37 100644
--- a/helix-term/src/keymap.rs
+++ b/helix-term/src/keymap.rs
@@ -82,6 +82,10 @@ impl Default for Keymaps {
             key!('r') => Command::replace,
             key!('R') => Command::replace_with_yanked,
 
+            key!('~') => Command::switch_case,
+            alt!('`') => Command::switch_to_uppercase,
+            key!('`') => Command::switch_to_lowercase,
+
             key!(Home) => Command::goto_line_start,
             key!(End) => Command::goto_line_end,
 
@@ -120,7 +124,6 @@ impl Default for Keymaps {
             alt!(';') => Command::flip_selections,
             key!('%') => Command::select_all,
             key!('x') => Command::extend_line,
-            key!('x') => Command::extend_line,
             key!('X') => Command::extend_to_line_bounds,
             // crop_to_whole_line
 
diff --git a/helix-term/src/ui/editor.rs b/helix-term/src/ui/editor.rs
index d374d9b6..40b57b85 100644
--- a/helix-term/src/ui/editor.rs
+++ b/helix-term/src/ui/editor.rs
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ impl EditorView {
         surface: &mut Surface,
         theme: &Theme,
         is_focused: bool,
+        loader: &syntax::Loader,
     ) {
         let area = Rect::new(
             view.area.x + OFFSET,
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ impl EditorView {
             view.area.height.saturating_sub(1),
         ); // - 1 for statusline
 
-        self.render_buffer(doc, view, area, surface, theme, is_focused);
+        self.render_buffer(doc, view, area, surface, theme, is_focused, loader);
 
         // if we're not at the edge of the screen, draw a right border
         if viewport.right() != view.area.right() {
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ impl EditorView {
         self.render_statusline(doc, view, area, surface, theme, is_focused);
     }
 
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     pub fn render_buffer(
         &self,
         doc: &Document,
@@ -106,6 +108,7 @@ impl EditorView {
         surface: &mut Surface,
         theme: &Theme,
         is_focused: bool,
+        loader: &syntax::Loader,
     ) {
         let text = doc.text().slice(..);
 
@@ -122,8 +125,26 @@ impl EditorView {
         // TODO: range doesn't actually restrict source, just highlight range
         let highlights: Vec<_> = match doc.syntax() {
             Some(syntax) => {
+                let scopes = theme.scopes();
                 syntax
-                    .highlight_iter(text.slice(..), Some(range), None, |_| None)
+                    .highlight_iter(text.slice(..), Some(range), None, |language| {
+                        loader
+                                .language_config_for_scope(&format!("source.{}", language))
+                                .and_then(|language_config| {
+                                    let config = language_config.highlight_config(scopes)?;
+                                    let config_ref = config.as_ref();
+                                    // SAFETY: the referenced `HighlightConfiguration` behind
+                                    // the `Arc` is guaranteed to remain valid throughout the
+                                    // duration of the highlight.
+                                    let config_ref = unsafe {
+                                        std::mem::transmute::<
+                                            _,
+                                            &'static syntax::HighlightConfiguration,
+                                        >(config_ref)
+                                    };
+                                    Some(config_ref)
+                                })
+                    })
                     .collect() // TODO: we collect here to avoid holding the lock, fix later
             }
             None => vec![Ok(HighlightEvent::Source {
@@ -735,7 +756,16 @@ impl Component for EditorView {
 
         for (view, is_focused) in cx.editor.tree.views() {
             let doc = cx.editor.document(view.doc).unwrap();
-            self.render_view(doc, view, area, surface, &cx.editor.theme, is_focused);
+            let loader = &cx.editor.syn_loader;
+            self.render_view(
+                doc,
+                view,
+                area,
+                surface,
+                &cx.editor.theme,
+                is_focused,
+                loader,
+            );
         }
 
         if let Some(info) = std::mem::take(&mut cx.editor.autoinfo) {
diff --git a/helix-tui/Cargo.toml b/helix-tui/Cargo.toml
index 7f98144c..33a9427a 100644
--- a/helix-tui/Cargo.toml
+++ b/helix-tui/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ default = ["crossterm"]
 [dependencies]
 bitflags = "1.0"
 cassowary = "0.3"
-unicode-segmentation = "1.2"
+unicode-segmentation = "1.8"
 crossterm = { version = "0.20", optional = true }
 serde = { version = "1", "optional" = true, features = ["derive"]}
 helix-view = { version = "0.3", path = "../helix-view", features = ["term"] }
diff --git a/helix-view/src/document.rs b/helix-view/src/document.rs
index b917b902..a04af94d 100644
--- a/helix-view/src/document.rs
+++ b/helix-view/src/document.rs
@@ -456,14 +456,16 @@ impl Document {
         theme: Option<&Theme>,
         config_loader: Option<&syntax::Loader>,
     ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        if !path.exists() {
-            return Ok(Self::default());
-        }
+        let (mut rope, encoding) = if path.exists() {
+            let mut file =
+                std::fs::File::open(&path).context(format!("unable to open {:?}", path))?;
+            from_reader(&mut file, encoding)?
+        } else {
+            let encoding = encoding.unwrap_or(encoding_rs::UTF_8);
+            (Rope::from(DEFAULT_LINE_ENDING.as_str()), encoding)
+        };
 
-        let mut file = std::fs::File::open(&path).context(format!("unable to open {:?}", path))?;
-        let (mut rope, encoding) = from_reader(&mut file, encoding)?;
         let line_ending = with_line_ending(&mut rope);
-
         let mut doc = Self::from(rope, Some(encoding));
 
         // set the path and try detecting the language
diff --git a/helix-view/src/editor.rs b/helix-view/src/editor.rs
index 4f01cce4..cd9d0a92 100644
--- a/helix-view/src/editor.rs
+++ b/helix-view/src/editor.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ pub struct Editor {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum Action {
+    Load,
     Replace,
     HorizontalSplit,
     VerticalSplit,
@@ -97,16 +98,14 @@ impl Editor {
         self._refresh();
     }
 
-    pub fn set_theme_from_name(&mut self, theme: &str) {
-        let theme = match self.theme_loader.load(theme.as_ref()) {
-            Ok(theme) => theme,
-            Err(e) => {
-                log::warn!("failed setting theme `{}` - {}", theme, e);
-                return;
-            }
-        };
-
+    pub fn set_theme_from_name(&mut self, theme: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        use anyhow::Context;
+        let theme = self
+            .theme_loader
+            .load(theme.as_ref())
+            .with_context(|| format!("failed setting theme `{}`", theme))?;
         self.set_theme(theme);
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn _refresh(&mut self) {
@@ -153,6 +152,9 @@ impl Editor {
 
                 return;
             }
+            Action::Load => {
+                return;
+            }
             Action::HorizontalSplit => {
                 let view = View::new(id);
                 let view_id = self.tree.split(view, Layout::Horizontal);
diff --git a/runtime/grammars/.gitkeep b/runtime/grammars/.gitkeep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/runtime/queries/c/highlights.scm b/runtime/queries/c/highlights.scm
index 36fe47d9..258e07e7 100644
--- a/runtime/queries/c/highlights.scm
+++ b/runtime/queries/c/highlights.scm
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@
 "." @punctuation.delimiter
 ";" @punctuation.delimiter
 
+(enumerator) @type.enum.variant
+
 (string_literal) @string
 (system_lib_string) @string
 
diff --git a/runtime/queries/rust/highlights.scm b/runtime/queries/rust/highlights.scm
index b72216f6..5e469e67 100644
--- a/runtime/queries/rust/highlights.scm
+++ b/runtime/queries/rust/highlights.scm
@@ -1,213 +1,336 @@
-; Identifier conventions
+; -------
+; Tree-Sitter doesn't allow overrides in regards to captures,
+; though it is possible to affect the child node of a captured
+; node. Thus, the approach here is to flip the order so that
+; overrides are unnecessary.
+; -------
 
 
-; Assume all-caps names are constants
-((identifier) @constant
- (#match? @constant "^[A-Z][A-Z\\d_]+$'"))
 
-; Assume other uppercase names are enum constructors
-((identifier) @constructor
- (#match? @constructor "^[A-Z]"))
+; -------
+; Types
+; -------
 
-; Assume that uppercase names in paths are types
-(mod_item
- name: (identifier) @namespace)
-(scoped_identifier
-  path: (identifier) @namespace)
-(scoped_identifier
- (scoped_identifier
-  name: (identifier) @namespace))
-(scoped_type_identifier
-  path: (identifier) @namespace)
-(scoped_type_identifier
- (scoped_identifier
-  name: (identifier) @namespace))
+; ---
+; Primitives
+; ---
 
-((scoped_identifier
-  path: (identifier) @type)
- (#match? @type "^[A-Z]"))
-((scoped_identifier
-  path: (scoped_identifier
-    name: (identifier) @type))
- (#match? @type "^[A-Z]"))
+(escape_sequence) @escape
+(primitive_type) @type.builtin
+(boolean_literal) @constant.builtin
+[
+  (integer_literal)
+  (float_literal)
+] @number
+[
+  (char_literal)
+  (string_literal)
+  (raw_string_literal)
+] @string
+[
+  (line_comment)
+  (block_comment)
+] @comment
 
-; Namespaces
+; ---
+; Extraneous
+; ---
 
-(crate) @namespace
-(extern_crate_declaration
-    (crate)
-    name: (identifier) @namespace)
-(scoped_use_list
-  path: (identifier) @namespace)
-(scoped_use_list
-  path: (scoped_identifier
-            (identifier) @namespace))
-(use_list (scoped_identifier (identifier) @namespace . (_)))
+(self) @variable.builtin
+(enum_variant (identifier) @type.enum.variant)
 
-; Function calls
+(field_initializer
+  (field_identifier) @property)
+(shorthand_field_initializer) @variable
+(shorthand_field_identifier) @variable
 
-(call_expression
-  function: (identifier) @function)
-(call_expression
-  function: (field_expression
-    field: (field_identifier) @function.method))
-(call_expression
-  function: (scoped_identifier
-    "::"
-    name: (identifier) @function))
+(lifetime
+  "'" @label
+  (identifier) @label)
+(loop_label
+  (identifier) @type)
 
-(generic_function
-  function: (identifier) @function)
-(generic_function
-  function: (scoped_identifier
-    name: (identifier) @function))
-(generic_function
-  function: (field_expression
-    field: (field_identifier) @function.method))
+; ---
+; Punctuation
+; ---
 
-(macro_invocation
-  macro: (identifier) @function.macro
-  "!" @function.macro)
-(macro_invocation
-  macro: (scoped_identifier
-           (identifier) @function.macro .))
+[
+  "::"
+  "."
+  ";"
+] @punctuation.delimiter
 
-; (metavariable) @variable
-(metavariable) @function.macro
+[
+  "("
+  ")"
+  "["
+  "]"
+] @punctuation.bracket
+(type_arguments
+  [
+    "<"
+    ">"
+  ] @punctuation.bracket)
+(type_parameters
+  [
+    "<"
+    ">"
+  ] @punctuation.bracket)
 
-"$" @function.macro
+; ---
+; Parameters
+; ---
 
-; Function definitions
+(parameter
+	pattern: (identifier) @variable.parameter)
+(closure_parameters
+	(identifier) @variable.parameter)
 
-(function_item (identifier) @function)
-(function_signature_item (identifier) @function)
 
-; Other identifiers
 
-(type_identifier) @type
-(primitive_type) @type.builtin
-(field_identifier) @property
+; -------
+; Keywords
+; -------
 
-(line_comment) @comment
-(block_comment) @comment
+(for_expression
+  "for" @keyword.control)
+((identifier) @keyword.control
+  (#match? @keyword.control "^yield$"))
+[
+  "while"
+  "loop"
+  "in"
+  "break"
+  "continue"
 
-"(" @punctuation.bracket
-")" @punctuation.bracket
-"[" @punctuation.bracket
-"]" @punctuation.bracket
+  "match"
+  "if"
+  "else"
+  "return"
+
+  "await"
+] @keyword.control
+
+[
+  (crate)
+  (super)
+  "as"
+  "use"
+  "pub"
+  "mod"
+  "extern"
+
+  "fn"
+  "struct"
+  "enum"
+  "impl"
+  "where"
+  "trait"
+  "for"
+
+  "type"
+  "union"
+  "unsafe"
+  "default"
+  "macro_rules!"
+
+  "let"
+  "ref"
+  "move"
+
+  "dyn"
+  "static"
+  "const"
+  "async"
+] @keyword
 
-(type_arguments
-  "<" @punctuation.bracket
-  ">" @punctuation.bracket)
-(type_parameters
-  "<" @punctuation.bracket
-  ">" @punctuation.bracket)
-
-"::" @punctuation.delimiter
-"." @punctuation.delimiter
-";" @punctuation.delimiter
-
-(parameter (identifier) @variable.parameter)
-(closure_parameters (_) @variable.parameter)
-
-(lifetime (identifier) @label)
-
-"async" @keyword
-"break" @keyword
-"const" @keyword
-"continue" @keyword
-(crate) @keyword
-"default" @keyword
-"dyn" @keyword
-"else" @keyword
-"enum" @keyword
-"extern" @keyword
-"fn" @keyword
-"for" @keyword
-"if" @keyword
-"impl" @keyword
-"in" @keyword
-"let" @keyword
-"let" @keyword
-"loop" @keyword
-"macro_rules!" @keyword
-"match" @keyword
-"mod" @keyword
-"move" @keyword
-"pub" @keyword
-"ref" @keyword
-"return" @keyword
-"static" @keyword
-"struct" @keyword
-"trait" @keyword
-"type" @keyword
-"union" @keyword
-"unsafe" @keyword
-"use" @keyword
-"where" @keyword
-"while" @keyword
 (mutable_specifier) @keyword.mut
-(use_list (self) @keyword)
-(scoped_use_list (self) @keyword)
-(scoped_identifier (self) @keyword)
-(super) @keyword
-"as" @keyword
 
-(self) @variable.builtin
 
-[
-(char_literal)
-(string_literal)
-(raw_string_literal)
-] @string
 
-(boolean_literal) @constant.builtin
-(integer_literal) @number
-(float_literal) @number
+; -------
+; Guess Other Types
+; -------
 
-(escape_sequence) @escape
+((identifier) @constant
+ (#match? @constant "^[A-Z][A-Z\\d_]+$"))
+
+; ---
+; PascalCase identifiers in call_expressions (e.g. `Ok()`)
+; are assumed to be enum constructors.
+; ---
+
+(call_expression
+  function: [
+    ((identifier) @type.variant
+      (#match? @type.variant "^[A-Z]"))
+    (scoped_identifier
+      name: ((identifier) @type.variant
+        (#match? @type.variant "^[A-Z]")))
+  ])
+
+; ---
+; Assume that types in match arms are enums and not
+; tuple structs. Same for `if let` expressions.
+; ---
+
+(match_pattern
+    (scoped_identifier
+      name: (identifier) @constructor))
+(tuple_struct_pattern
+    type: [
+      ((identifier) @constructor)
+      (scoped_identifier  
+        name: (identifier) @constructor)
+      ])
+(struct_pattern
+  type: [
+    ((type_identifier) @constructor)
+    (scoped_type_identifier
+      name: (type_identifier) @constructor)
+    ])
+
+; ---
+; Other PascalCase identifiers are assumed to be structs.
+; ---
 
+((identifier) @type
+  (#match? @type "^[A-Z]"))
+
+
+
+; -------
+; Functions
+; -------
+
+(call_expression
+  function: [
+    ((identifier) @function)
+    (scoped_identifier
+      name: (identifier) @function)
+    (field_expression
+      field: (field_identifier) @function)
+  ])
+(generic_function
+  function: [
+    ((identifier) @function)
+    (scoped_identifier
+      name: (identifier) @function)
+    (field_expression
+      field: (field_identifier) @function.method)
+  ])
+
+(function_item
+  name: (identifier) @function)
+
+; ---
+; Macros
+; ---
+
+(meta_item
+  (identifier) @attribute)
 (attribute_item) @attribute
 (inner_attribute_item) @attribute
 
+(macro_definition
+  name: (identifier) @function.macro)
+(macro_invocation
+  macro: [
+    ((identifier) @function.macro)
+    (scoped_identifier
+      name: (identifier) @function.macro)
+  ]
+  "!" @function.macro)
+
+(metavariable) @variable.parameter
+(fragment_specifier) @variable.parameter
+
+
+
+; -------
+; Operators
+; -------
+
 [
-"*"
-"'"
-"->"
-"=>"
-"<="
-"="
-"=="
-"!"
-"!="
-"%"
-"%="
-"&"
-"&="
-"&&"
-"|"
-"|="
-"||"
-"^"
-"^="
-"*"
-"*="
-"-"
-"-="
-"+"
-"+="
-"/"
-"/="
-">"
-"<"
-">="
-">>"
-"<<"
-">>="
-"@"
-".."
-"..="
-"'"
+  "*"
+  "'"
+  "->"
+  "=>"
+  "<="
+  "="
+  "=="
+  "!"
+  "!="
+  "%"
+  "%="
+  "&"
+  "&="
+  "&&"
+  "|"
+  "|="
+  "||"
+  "^"
+  "^="
+  "*"
+  "*="
+  "-"
+  "-="
+  "+"
+  "+="
+  "/"
+  "/="
+  ">"
+  "<"
+  ">="
+  ">>"
+  "<<"
+  ">>="
+  "@"
+  ".."
+  "..="
+  "'"
 ] @operator
 
+
+
+; -------
+; Paths
+; -------
+
+(use_declaration
+  argument: (identifier) @namespace)
+(use_wildcard
+  (identifier) @namespace)
+(extern_crate_declaration
+  name: (identifier) @namespace)
+(mod_item
+  name: (identifier) @namespace)
+(scoped_use_list
+  path: (identifier)? @namespace)
+(use_list
+  (identifier) @namespace)
+(use_as_clause
+  path: (identifier)? @namespace
+  alias: (identifier) @namespace)
+
+; ---
+; Remaining Paths
+; ---
+
+(scoped_identifier
+  path: (identifier)? @namespace
+  name: (identifier) @namespace)
+(scoped_type_identifier
+  path: (identifier) @namespace)
+
+
+
+; -------
+; Remaining Identifiers
+; -------
+
 "?" @special
+
+(type_identifier) @type
+(identifier) @variable
+(field_identifier) @variable
diff --git a/runtime/themes/dark_plus.toml b/runtime/themes/dark_plus.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82cc6289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/themes/dark_plus.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# Author: Shafkath Shuhan <shafkathshuhannyc@gmail.com>
+
+"namespace" = { fg = "type" }
+"module" = { fg = "type" }
+"type" = { fg = "type" }
+"type.builtin" = { fg = "type" }
+
+"keyword" = { fg = "keyword" }
+"keyword.directive" = { fg = "keyword" }
+"function.macro" = { fg = "keyword" }
+"variable.builtin" = { fg = "keyword" }
+"label" = { fg = "keyword" }
+"constant.builtin" = { fg = "keyword" }
+
+"punctuation" = { fg = "text" }
+"punctuation.delimiter" = { fg = "text" }
+
+"keyword.control" = { fg = "special" }
+"special" = { fg = "text" }
+"operator" = { fg = "text" }
+
+"variable" = { fg = "variable" }
+"variable.parameter" = { fg = "variable" }
+"property" = { fg = "variable" }
+
+"attribute" = { fg = "fn_declaration" }
+"function" = { fg = "fn_declaration" }
+"function.builtin" = { fg = "fn_declaration" }
+
+"comment" = { fg = "#6A9955" }
+
+"constant" = { fg = "constant" }
+"type.enum.variant" = { fg = "constant" } 
+"constructor" = { fg = "constant" }
+
+"string" = { fg = "#ce9178" }
+"number" = { fg = "#b5cea8" }
+"escape" = { fg = "#d7ba7d" }
+
+"ui.background" = { fg = "#d4d4d4", bg = "#1e1e1e" }
+
+"ui.help" = { bg = "widget" }
+"ui.popup" = { bg = "widget" }
+"ui.window" = { bg = "widget" }
+"ui.menu.selected" = { bg = "widget" }
+
+"ui.cursor" = { fg = "cursor", modifiers = ["reversed"] }
+"ui.cursor.primary" = { fg = "cursor", modifiers = ["reversed"] }
+"ui.cursor.match" = { fg = "cursor", modifiers = ['underlined'] }
+
+"ui.selection" = { bg = "#3a3d41" }
+"ui.selection.primary" = { bg = "#add6ff26" }
+
+"ui.linenr" = { fg = "#858585" }
+"ui.linenr.selected" = { fg = "#c6c6c6" }
+
+"ui.statusline" = { fg = "#ffffff", bg = "#007acc" }
+"ui.statusline.inactive" = { fg = "#ffffff", bg = "#007acc" }
+
+"ui.text" = { fg = "text", bg = "background" }
+"ui.text.focus" = { fg = "#ffffff" }
+
+"warning" = { fg = "#cca700" }
+"error" = { fg = "#f48771" }
+"info" = { fg = "#75beff" }
+"hint" = { fg = "#eeeeeeb3" }
+
+[palette]
+type = "#4EC9B0"
+keyword = "#569CD6"
+regex = "#CE9178"
+special = "#C586C0"
+variable = "#9CDCFE"
+fn_declaration = "#DCDCAA"
+constant = "#4FC1FF"
+
+background = "#1e1e1e"
+text = "#d4d4d4"
+cursor = "#a6a6a6"
+widget = "#252526"
diff --git a/theme.toml b/theme.toml
index 13753dc6..67b7dc57 100644
--- a/theme.toml
+++ b/theme.toml
@@ -1,68 +1,81 @@
-"attribute" = "#dbbfef" # lilac
-"keyword" = "#eccdba" # almond
-"keyword.directive" = "#dbbfef" # lilac -- preprocessor comments (#if in C)
-"namespace" = "#dbbfef" # lilac
-"punctuation" = "#a4a0e8" # lavender
-"punctuation.delimiter" = "#a4a0e8" # lavender
-"operator" = "#dbbfef" # lilac
-"special" = "#efba5d" # honey
-# "property" = "#a4a0e8" # lavender
-"property" = "#ffffff" # white
-"variable" = "#a4a0e8" # lavender
-# "variable" = "#eccdba" # almond TODO: metavariables only
-"variable.parameter" = "#a4a0e8" # lavender
-# TODO distinguish type from type.builtin?
-"type" = "#ffffff" # white
-"type.builtin" = "#ffffff" # white
-"constructor" = "#dbbfef" # lilac
-"function" = "#ffffff" # white
-"function.macro" = "#dbbfef" # lilac
-"function.builtin" = "#ffffff" # white
-"comment" = "#697C81" # sirocco
-"variable.builtin" = "#9ff28f" # mint
-"constant" = "#ffffff" # white
-"constant.builtin" = "#ffffff" # white
-"string" = "#cccccc" # silver
-"number" = "#e8dca0" # chamois
-"escape" = "#efba5d" # honey
+attribute = "lilac"
+keyword = "almond"
+"keyword.directive" = "lilac" # -- preprocessor comments (#if in C)
+namespace = "lilac"
+punctuation = "lavender"
+"punctuation.delimiter" = "lavender"
+operator = "lilac"
+special = "honey"
+property = "white"
+variable = "lavender"
+# variable = "almond" # TODO: metavariables only
+"variable.parameter" = "lavender"
+"variable.builtin" = "mint"
+type = "white"
+"type.builtin" = "white" # TODO: distinguish?
+constructor = "lilac"
+function = "white"
+"function.macro" = "lilac"
+"function.builtin" = "white"
+comment = "sirocco"
+constant = "white"
+"constant.builtin" = "white"
+string = "silver"
+number = "chamois"
+escape = "honey"
 # used for lifetimes
-"label" = "#efba5d" # honey
+label = "honey"
 
-# TODO: diferentiate number builtin
 # TODO: diferentiate doc comment
-# TODO: variable as lilac
-# TODO: mod/use statements as white
-# TODO: mod stuff as chamois
-#
 # concat (ERROR) @syntax-error and "MISSING ;" selectors for errors
 
-"module" = "#ff0000"
+module = "#ff0000"
 
-"ui.background" = { bg = "#3b224c" } # midnight
-"ui.linenr" = { fg = "#5a5977" } # comet
-"ui.linenr.selected" = { fg = "#dbbfef" } # lilac
-"ui.statusline" = { fg = "#dbbfef", bg = "#281733" } # revolver
-"ui.statusline.inactive" = { fg = "#a4a0e8", bg = "#281733" } # revolver
-"ui.popup" = { bg = "#281733" } # revolver
-"ui.window" = { fg = "#452859" } # bossa nova
+"ui.background" = { bg = "midnight" }
+"ui.linenr" = { fg = "comet" }
+"ui.linenr.selected" = { fg = "lilac" }
+"ui.statusline" = { fg = "lilac", bg = "revolver" }
+"ui.statusline.inactive" = { fg = "lavender", bg = "revolver" }
+"ui.popup" = { bg = "revolver" }
+"ui.window" = { fg = "bossanova" }
 "ui.help" = { bg = "#7958DC", fg = "#171452" }
 
-"ui.text" = { fg = "#a4a0e8" } # lavender
-"ui.text.focus" = { fg = "#dbbfef" } # lilac
+"ui.text" = { fg = "lavender" }
+"ui.text.focus" = { fg = "lilac" }
 
 "ui.selection" = { bg = "#540099" }
 "ui.selection.primary" = { bg = "#540099" }
 # TODO: namespace ui.cursor as ui.selection.cursor?
-"ui.cursor.select" = { bg = "#6F44F0" }
-"ui.cursor.insert" = { bg = "#ffffff" }
+"ui.cursor.select" = { bg = "delta" }
+"ui.cursor.insert" = { bg = "white" }
 "ui.cursor.match" = { fg = "#212121", bg = "#6C6999" }
 "ui.cursor" = { modifiers = ["reversed"] }
 
-"ui.menu.selected" = { fg = "#281733", bg = "#ffffff" } # revolver
+"ui.menu.selected" = { fg = "revolver", bg = "white" }
 
-"diagnostic" = { modifiers = ["underlined"] }
+diagnostic = { modifiers = ["underlined"] }
 
-"warning" = "#ffcd1c"
-"error" = "#f47868"
-"info" = "#6F44F0"
-"hint" = "#cccccc"
+warning = "lightning"
+error = "apricot"
+info = "delta"
+hint = "silver"
+
+[palette]
+white = "#ffffff"
+lilac = "#dbbfef"
+lavender = "#a4a0e8"
+comet = "#5a5977"
+bossanova = "#452859"
+midnight = "#3b224c"
+revolver = "#281733"
+
+silver = "#cccccc"
+sirocco = "#697C81"
+mint = "#9ff28f"
+almond = "#eccdba"
+chamois = "#E8DCA0"
+honey = "#efba5d"
+
+apricot = "#f47868"
+lightning = "#ffcd1c"
+delta = "#6F44F0"