lettext="\n```rust\ncore::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator\n```\n\n```rust\nfn collect<B: FromIterator<Self::Item>>(self) -> B\nwhere\n Self: Sized,\n```\n\n---\n\nTransforms an iterator into a collection.\n\n`collect()` can take anything iterable, and turn it into a relevant\ncollection. This is one of the more powerful methods in the standard\nlibrary, used in a variety of contexts.\n\nThe most basic pattern in which `collect()` is used is to turn one\ncollection into another. You take a collection, call [`iter`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html) on it,\ndo a bunch of transformations, and then `collect()` at the end.\n\n`collect()` can also create instances of types that are not typical\ncollections. For example, a [`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/std/string/struct.String.html) can be built from [`char`](type@char)s,\nand an iterator of [`Result<T, E>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html) items can be collected\ninto `Result<Collection<T>, E>`. See the examples below for more.\n\nBecause `collect()` is so general, it can cause problems with type\ninference. As such, `collect()` is one of the few times you'll see\nthe syntax affectionately known as the 'turbofish': `::<>`. This\nhelps the inference algorithm understand specifically which collection\nyou're trying to collect into.\n\n# Examples\n\nBasic usage:\n\n```rust\nlet a = [1, 2, 3];\n\nlet doubled: Vec<i32> = a.iter()\n .map(|&x| x * 2)\n .collect();\n\nassert_eq!(vec![2, 4, 6], doubled);\n```\n\nNote that we needed the `: Vec<i32>` on the left-hand side. This is because\nwe could collect into, for example, a [`VecDeque<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html) instead:\n\n```rust\nuse std::collections::VecDeque;\n\nlet a = [1, 2, 3];\n\nlet doubled: VecDeque<i32> = a.iter().map(|&x| x * 2).collect();\n\nassert_eq!(2, doubled[0]);\nassert_eq!(4, doubled[1]);\nassert_eq!(6, doubled[2]);\n```\n\nUsing the 'turbofish' instead of annotating `doubled`:\n\n```rust\nlet a = [1, 2, 3];\n\nlet doubled = a.iter().map(|x| x * 2).collect::<Vec<i32>>();\n\nassert_eq!(vec![2, 4, 6], doubled);\n```\n\nBecause `collect()` only cares about what you're collecting into, you can\nstill use a partial type hint, `_`, with the turbofish:\n\n```rust\nlet a = [1, 2, 3];\n\nlet doubled = a.iter().map(|x| x * 2).collect::<Vec<_>>();\n\nassert_eq!(vec![2, 4, 6], doubled);\n```\n\nUsing `collect()` to make a [`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/std/string/struct.String.html):\n\n```rust\nlet chars = ['g', 'd', 'k', 'k', 'n'];\n\nlet hello: String = chars.iter()\n .map(|&x| x as u8)\n .map(|x| (x + 1) as char)\n .collect();\n\nassert_eq!(\"hello\", hello);\n```\n\nIf you have a list of [`Result<T, E>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html)s, you can use `collect()` to\nsee if any of them failed:\n\n```rust\nlet results = [Ok(1), Err(\"nope\"), Ok(3), Err(\"bad\")];\n\nlet result: Result<Vec<_>, &str> = results.iter().cloned().collect();\n\n// gives us the first error\nassert_eq!(Err(\"nope\"), result);\n\nlet results = [Ok(1), Ok(3)];\n\nlet result: Result<Vec<_>, &str> = results.iter().cloned().collect();\n\n// gives us the list of answers\nassert_eq!(Ok(vec![1, 3]), result);\n```";
Nathan Vegdahl
3 years ago