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Markdown
171 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
# Usage
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(Currently not fully documented, see the [keymappings](./keymap.md) list for more.)
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See [tutor](https://github.com/helix-editor/helix/blob/master/runtime/tutor) (accessible via `hx --tutor` or `:tutor`) for a vimtutor-like introduction.
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## Registers
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Vim-like registers can be used to yank and store text to be pasted later. Usage is similar, with `"` being used to select a register:
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- `"ay` - Yank the current selection to register `a`.
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- `"op` - Paste the text in register `o` after the selection.
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If there is a selected register before invoking a change or delete command, the selection will be stored in the register and the action will be carried out:
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- `"hc` - Store the selection in register `h` and then change it (delete and enter insert mode).
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- `"md` - Store the selection in register `m` and delete it.
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### Special Registers
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| Register character | Contains |
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| --- | --- |
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| `/` | Last search |
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| `:` | Last executed command |
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| `"` | Last yanked text |
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| `_` | Black hole |
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> There is no special register for copying to system clipboard, instead special commands and keybindings are provided. See the [keymap](keymap.md#space-mode) for the specifics.
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> The black hole register works as a no-op register, meaning no data will be written to / read from it.
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## Surround
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Functionality similar to [vim-surround](https://github.com/tpope/vim-surround) is built into
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helix. The keymappings have been inspired from [vim-sandwich](https://github.com/machakann/vim-sandwich):
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- `ms` - Add surround characters
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- `mr` - Replace surround characters
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- `md` - Delete surround characters
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`ms` acts on a selection, so select the text first and use `ms<char>`. `mr` and `md` work
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on the closest pairs found and selections are not required; use counts to act in outer pairs.
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It can also act on multiple selections (yay!). For example, to change every occurrence of `(use)` to `[use]`:
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- `%` to select the whole file
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- `s` to split the selections on a search term
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- Input `use` and hit Enter
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- `mr([` to replace the parens with square brackets
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Multiple characters are currently not supported, but planned.
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## Syntax-tree Motions
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`Alt-p`, `Alt-o`, `Alt-i`, and `Alt-n` (or `Alt` and arrow keys) move the primary
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selection according to the selection's place in the syntax tree. Let's walk
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through an example to get familiar with them. Many languages have a syntax like
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so for function calls:
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```
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func(arg1, arg2, arg3)
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```
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A function call might be parsed by tree-sitter into a tree like the following.
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```tsq
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(call
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function: (identifier) ; func
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arguments:
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(arguments ; (arg1, arg2, arg3)
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(identifier) ; arg1
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(identifier) ; arg2
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(identifier))) ; arg3
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```
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Use `:tree-sitter-subtree` to view the syntax tree of the primary selection. In
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a more intuitive tree format:
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```
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┌────┐
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│call│
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┌─────┴────┴─────┐
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│ │
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┌─────▼────┐ ┌────▼────┐
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│identifier│ │arguments│
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│ "func" │ ┌────┴───┬─────┴───┐
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└──────────┘ │ │ │
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│ │ │
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┌─────────▼┐ ┌────▼─────┐ ┌▼─────────┐
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│identifier│ │identifier│ │identifier│
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│ "arg1" │ │ "arg2" │ │ "arg3" │
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└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
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```
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Say we have a selection that wraps `arg1`. The selection is on the `arg1` leaf
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in the tree above.
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```
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func([arg1], arg2, arg3)
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```
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Using `Alt-n` would select the next sibling in the syntax tree: `arg2`.
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```
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func(arg1, [arg2], arg3)
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```
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While `Alt-o` would expand the selection to the parent node. In the tree above we
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can see that we would select the `arguments` node.
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```
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func[(arg1, arg2, arg3)]
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```
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There is also some nuanced behavior that prevents you from getting stuck on a
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node with no sibling. If we have a selection on `arg1`, `Alt-p` would bring us
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to the previous child node. Since `arg1` doesn't have a sibling to its left,
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though, we climb the syntax tree and then take the previous selection. So
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`Alt-p` will move the selection over to the "func" `identifier`.
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```
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[func](arg1, arg2, arg3)
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```
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## Textobjects
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- `ma` - Select around the object (`va` in Vim, `<alt-a>` in Kakoune)
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- `mi` - Select inside the object (`vi` in Vim, `<alt-i>` in Kakoune)
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| Key after `mi` or `ma` | Textobject selected |
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| --- | --- |
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| `w` | Word |
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| `W` | WORD |
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| `p` | Paragraph |
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| `(`, `[`, `'`, etc | Specified surround pairs |
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| `m` | Closest surround pair |
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| `f` | Function |
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| `c` | Class |
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| `a` | Argument/parameter |
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| `o` | Comment |
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| `t` | Test |
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| `g` | Change |
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> NOTE: `f`, `c`, etc need a tree-sitter grammar active for the current
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document and a special tree-sitter query file to work properly. [Only
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some grammars][lang-support] currently have the query file implemented.
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Contributions are welcome!
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## Tree-sitter Textobject Based Navigation
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Navigating between functions, classes, parameters, etc is made
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possible by leveraging tree-sitter and textobjects queries. For
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example to move to the next function use `]f`, to move to previous
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class use `[c`, and so on.
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![tree-sitter-nav-demo][tree-sitter-nav-demo]
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See the [unimpaired][unimpaired-keybinds] section of the keybind
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documentation for the full reference.
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> NOTE: This feature is dependent on tree-sitter based textobjects
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and therefore requires the corresponding query file to work properly.
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[lang-support]: ./lang-support.md
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[unimpaired-keybinds]: ./keymap.md#unimpaired
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[tree-sitter-nav-demo]: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/23398472/152332550-7dfff043-36a2-4aec-b8f2-77c13eb56d6f.gif
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